L56“上帝粒子”遭到质疑 the “God particl

2019-1-7

                                                    L56  “上帝粒子”遭到质疑

                                                               陈理士



[摘  要] 对于发现的“上帝粒子”需要加以分析,从物理学基础理论角度正确认识大型强子对撞机(LHC) 的这一实验研究结果,防止在现有三种基本粒子理论(12种、62种、>300种)中选边站在哪一方和模糊期望与真实的界限,需要提问它是否真正是“一粒”、是否能“给其他粒子质量”、是何机理

[关键词] “上帝粒子” 霍金输了 粒子质量从何而来  基本粒子 真正粒子


  2013年3月14日,欧洲核子研究组织发布发现一种与“上帝粒子”“一致”的亚原子粒子,此后,网上跟进了许多文章,至今热闹非凡。更有以“霍金输了”为题,幸灾乐祸,对于这位值得钦佩与尊敬的学者,冷嘲热讽。 其实,这里面临的是一个需要认真的学术问题。2013年3月14日宣布的这个“粒子”,此事件本身没有问题。从测量学角度,超过98%的可靠率即可予以相信,何况达到了99.9999%!可以100%的承认。问题是:这个动能为125至126吉电子伏特的“粒子”,到底是一个什么样的“粒子”?根据什么说它是“上帝粒子”呢?因为“上帝粒子”这顶帽子不是可以随便戴的,以往已经赋予了特定性质,在没有证实此“粒子”具有“上帝粒子”的性质之前,能给它戴上此帽子吗?它能够“赋予其它粒子以质量”吗?它同其它粒子或物质之间有何相互作用?

  它是质子解体后的产物,因此,每个质子里面应当有它,它在质子里是何状态?每一个质子里有一枚还是多枚“上帝粒子”?它是如何参与形成质子的?

  众所周知,质子是相当稳定的,“上帝粒子”在质子中当然也“相当稳定”,现在,它从质子中“解脱”出来,为什么就不稳定了呢?从它单独出现开始,它会如何演变?

  不难看出,人们对于称为“上帝粒子”的这个“粒子”其实相当不了解,能够以99.9999%把握肯定的只是它的质量是125至126吉电子伏特(大约是一枚质子的1/7)而不是有条件给它赋名“某某粒子”,至于它的“性质”如何,能否符合物理学家希格斯的设想?希格斯的设想有什么根据?这些都是需要深究的问题。

  在这一堆问题存在的情况下,相信那个粒子就是 “上帝粒子”、且具有“上帝粒子”的“性质”是否不够稳妥?起哄说“霍金输了”,能理直气壮吗?

需要注意到,目前主流粒子理论中同时有三种“基本粒子”理论,第一种认为基本粒子有12种(6种夸克、3种中微子、电子、 μ子 T子);第二种理论认为基本粒子有62种,也有明细,“上帝粒子”是其中的最后一种;第三种理论认为基本粒子〉300种。

可以看出,三种粒子理论都不圆满:

  基本粒子应当不能分、不能“变”。以往曾经认为质子是基本粒子,后来发现它既能分又能在冲击下“裂变”,能分、能“变”,就失去作为“基本粒子”的资格。上述三种“基本粒子”中,有些是“能变”的,有些是不稳定的或寿命短暂的,有的甚至“没有质量”!

真正基本粒子必须同质子、中子挂钩,因为一切物质的原子、分子都由质子、中子组成,这三种理论中只有第一种对于质子如何形成有了“说法”,至于中子具体如何形成则没有理论。而一个简单的事实则同“说法”不调和,即:测量显示,质子质量高度一致,达到10的负6次方。而依照第一种理论中,除电子外,其余11种基本粒子分为三个小组,质子可以由“三个小组”中各出一粒组成,亦即,组成质子的基本粒子不尽相同,于是,其质量不可能高度一致!仅这一点就使理论不能圆满可信。另外两种基本粒子理论更加难以解释它们同质子的密切联系和质子质量为什么 高度一致等。

  三种粒子理论都没有提到粒子同力有何联系,这恰恰不能回避,很显然,物质之间所以形成力同组成物质的基本粒子有关,正因为对此没有理清楚而另外开辟了《量子电动力学》〉《量子色动力学》《量子味动力学》,使原本的一个力人为地变成了“四个力”而“力到底是如何形成的”反而成为难题。对此,陈理士网站的文章《L18a强作用力弱作用力电磁力万有引力的统一 》找到了物质聚合对作用力线密度的影响——聚合效应,从而有理由认为“四个力”乃是一个力的“力线数量不同”而已。这里附带提一下“力从何来”:力线相互作用产生力。于是,力必定出现在两物质之间。

  从基本粒子一词出现就意味着它不能变,之后,发现了有些被认为是基本粒子的“粒子”会“变”。对此,是坚持不变信念努力寻找“变”的物理真相呢还是改变为相信“基本粒子能变”呢,主流理论采取了后者。于是,“质量能变”似乎也“不成问题”。这种对于理论原则的松动其结果难免进入误区。今天,基本粒子“能变”、可以“没有质量”、“短寿命”、、、、,理论已经无关可把、无原则可坚持。其实,“能变”说明它不是“一粒”而乃是一个“群”,文章《L04 物质演变》认为,质子内部粒子只有一种:引力子。因为引力子恒以光速量级的速度飞行;引力子之间产生“强作用力”,因此,上述群只能是引力子的“微涡旋星系”,其“能变”其实是这个群体成员数量之变。 

以上叙述了现有三种粒子理论不能圆满,不圆满意味着存在问题、未臻于真实、不足为据。无论置身于这三种理论的那一种之中都难以揭开粒子问题的真相。

  置身于这三种理论之外,客观地讲,正确的回答只能有一种理论!“基本粒子”有三种不同的理论,其中至少两种是错的。而在领悟到引力子能够形成“微涡旋星系”之后,结果是,基本粒子只需要两种(参见《L04 物质演变》 )!粒子理论的许多问题也 迎刃而解,如:原子能从何而来?强作用力、弱作用力、万有引力为何有巨大的量的差异?成千上万种“粒子”的“物理实质”何在?“粒子”为什么“可变”?为什么只有质子、中子稳定,许许多多“粒子”却显示“不稳定”、“短寿命”?《L04 物质演变》文中从基本粒子的状况到“超新星爆发”作为物质演变循环全一目了然地连贯起来,在比较圆满的理论中,已经不需要存在“第三种基本粒子”,迄今实验室命名的形形色色的各种“粒子”,大多是引力子的“微涡旋星系”(只有“中子”内部,有斥力子即电子成员),它们的共同特点是:带正电荷(实质是:剩余引力线密度 高于质子)、可变(达到质子规模才能稳定)、质量不能大于质子(达到质子规模已经稳定);其中有些“粒子”虽然耳熟能详,但是加以分析可以发现其实子虚乌有。

  于是,这个动能为125至126吉电子伏特的“粒子”本身就是一个比质子成员数量少的“引力子微涡旋星系”而不是“一枚粒子”,说它能够“赋予其它粒子质量”是否纯属想象?可见,“上帝粒子”的判断缺理、存在问题,霍金不曾输! 

   2008.10陈理士物理网站的文章《L24a LHC强子对撞机能够撞出什么?》一文第2节的 2.1(发现“新粒子”)中,已经作出了预测,任何这样的“粒子”质量会小于质子,这里还可以进一步推测:它“带正电荷”,其“电荷量”多与质子,它是一个“不稳定”的“粒子”,会继续向“大”的方向“演变”。该文还讨论过,如果测量电子伏的仪器精度大大提高,类似“上帝粒子”这样的“新粒子”可能有千千万万“种”,它们的共同特点是:带正电荷、具有原子能、不稳定、质量小于质子,其实是引力子的“微涡旋星系”,它们的不同点仅仅是:引力子成员数量。 

  质子或中子作为一个内部作用力已达到极限状态(不能再增加成员)的“微涡旋星系”,在受到冲击后,可能发生“完全解体”和“不完全解体”。“完全解体”在“超新星爆发”时出现,此时,许多原子的质子、中子解体成为引力子、斥力子飞向空间,此速度到底多大?可以设法测量,但现在还没有进行。因为现在没有领悟到此速度同质子内部引力子的涡旋速度相同,精确测定原子能可以计算出此速度,一旦觉察到引力子是“永恒量子”,它们在空间以“蓄能聚合”方式形成质子之后,速度的计算不成问题。

  从能量不灭角度看来,“能够赋予其它粒子以质量”的“粒子”或“事物”是没有的,虽然希格斯在解答难疑方面的努力令人可敬,当时,没有人提得出同样见解也评断不了他的理论,说明他的理论高于同时代的水平。但是,今天,作为后人,有可能改善前人的理论:基本粒子只有两种,真正的粒子也只有这两种!在此,本文提出了“真正粒子”(true particle)一词,所有其它“粒子”并不是“真正一粒粒子”。

  欧洲核子研究组织发布的那个亚原子粒子并不是真正的粒子而是质子(引力子的“微涡旋星系”)“分裂”后的较小的“微涡旋星系”,理由已如上述,公布的动能电子伏特没有问题,质量为“亚原子”也合理,这里还可预测:它应当“带正电荷”(“电荷量”大于质子),离开实验空间后,将在空间继续“聚合”,向“质子”规模发展。至于说那个“粒子”“与 上帝粒子 一致”则理论上难以成立。因为,不能证明存在这样的“粒子”有“赋予质量”的能力——在物理领域,并不存在神奇,需要符合自然规则,需要具有机理——也不能证明它确实是“一粒”真正的“粒子”而不是“复数粒子”。 不妨重复一下:“可靠性为99.9999%”只能说明“电子伏”的测量数据可靠,不能涉及到其它物理因素。

2019.3.26 加注 : 本文于2014/7/14 登上本网站原先架构,2019.1月投入使用的现在的新架构未设计“加入时间、阅读次数”,故加注以保持原貌


    L56  the “God particle”was questioned

                     S. G. Chinese



[Abstract] this article thought that need to analyze for the discovered“God particle”, from the physical basic theory angle to correct understanding of this experiment results from large hadron collider LHC, to avoid choose to stand in any side of the existing three kinds of basic particle theory (12 kinds、62 kinds、>300kinds) and fuzzy The boundaries of expectation and real, it need to ask, whether it is really “a grain of” particle, whether it can give quality to other particle, what mechanism is it

[key words] “God particle”  “Hawking lost” where come from the particle quality basic particles real particles


  2013.3.14,European Organization for Nuclear Research published discovered a kind of a subatomic particle of “accordance”with the “God particle”, hereafter, online follow up many articles, sofar There is really bustling. Furthermore under the topic of “Hawking lost”, crow over, fleer to this worthy of admiration and respect scholar. In fact, here faced an academic problem of need to serious. This “particle” of 2013.3.14 issued, the event itself is no problem. From the surveying angle, reliability more than 98% is can be belive, still less reach to 99.9999%!It can be admit with 100%.the thing is,what is this “particle” of kinetic energy with 125 to 126 G electron volt? What is the depending can we to say it is the “God particle”? The cap of “God particle” not may be feel free to wear, former has been given the specific properties, 2014-07-02 06:11:58 before has not confirmed “this particle” possess of “God particle” properties, can we give this cap to it? What interaction between it with other particle or matter?

  it——the“God particle”——is the product after proton get breakup, hence, it should be in the every proton, what is the status when it in the proton?     Whether every proton has one “God particle”or more? How does it take part in form the proton?

  As everyone knows, the proton is fairly stable, “God particle” certainly also fairly stable in the proton, now it gat “relief”from the proton, why not fairly stable? When it begin alone, how evolve it would?

  Its easy to see, persons quite don’t understand for so called “God particle”, can affirm with 99.9999% grasp only its quality is 125-126 GeV (about 1/7 of proton’s quality) and does not have the basis to named it with “so-and-so particle”, as to what property it was, whether fit physicist Higgs’s imagine? What is the according to for the Higgs’s imagine? These are all the problem of need go deeply into a matter.

Under the conditions of exist a lot of problems, to believe in that particle just “God particle”、and possess the properties of the “God particle” whether it does not safe? Booing said “Hawking lost”, can be justified? 

  Need to pay attention to the present dominant theory of particle, it has three kinds of “basic particle”theory at the same time , the first think the basic (elementary) particles have 12 kinds(6 kinds of quakes、3kinds of neutrinos 、electron、two kinds of meson μ and T);the second think the basic (elementary) particles have 62 kinds, also has the detail, “God particle” is the last kind of this;the third think the basic (elementary) particles are more than 33 kinds. It is observed that three kinds of basic particle theory are all not perfect:

  The basic particles shall not divided、shall not “changed”. In the past it was once thought proton is basic particle, later find it can divided ,also can fission when under impact, can divided、can change, just lose the qualification of “basic particle”. In the above three kinds of “basic particles”, some are “can change”,some are unstable or life short, some even “none quality”! The true basic particles should link with proton、neutron, because of all atom、molecule are all combined by proton、neutron, in these three kinds of theory only the first kind has the “statement” of how to form proton, go so far as to how to form neutron then hasn't theory. There is a simple fact is disharmony with “statement”, mean:measurement shows, the quality of proton is highly consistent, At 10 to the minus 6 power. As according to the first theory, except the electron, the rest 11 kinds of basic particle divided to three groups, proton may form from “three group” every group out one particle, that is, the basic particles of composed of the proton does not all in the same, hence, its quality can not highly consistent! That alone makes theory can't complete confidence. Other two kinds of basic particle theory more hard to plain how they tie up with the proton and why the proton’s quality is highly consistent etc.

The three kinds of particle theory all don’t mentioned if have any contact between they and force, this just can’t avoid, it is clear, the force so form between matter is related to the basic particle, because there is no clear and the other opened 《 quantum electrodynamics》《quantum chromodynamics ( QCD )》《 quantum flavor dynamics》,make original one force artificially change into “four force”and “after all how form the force” but become the difficult problem. To this the article 《L18a“unification” of the forces》from www.chinesephysics.com had find the influence by matter polymerizing——polymerizing effect, thus have reason to regard “the four force” to be “the force-line in the difference” of one force nothing more. Here with the way for “where come from the force”:the force-line interact to generate force. Thus, the force should be appear between two matter.

  Begin from the words of the basic particles appear means it can’t be change, later, discovered some “particles” be know as “basic particles” they can “change”. Withal, whether stick to the same faith try to find the truth of “change” or change to believe “the basic particles can change”, The mainstream theory take the latter. Thus, “the quality can change” also seems “be no problem at all”. This kind of theoretical principles for looseness its result is Hard to avoid into the erroneous zone. Today, the basic particles can change、can none quality、“short life”、、、、,the theory already none gate may guard、none principle may insist. In fact, “can change” explains it does not “a gran of” but to be a “group”, the article 《L04 matter's evolution》to think, the proton’s inner particles has one kind only:graviton. Because the graviton constantly fly with the speed of light level;among gravitons generate “strong force”, so, above group can be the “micro vortex galaxy” of graviton only, its “can change” in fact is the change of the quantity of this group member. 

  Above narrated the present three kinds of particle’ theory can not perfect, this meins exist problem、not reach to the truth 、can not act for the basis. No matter stand up in which kind of this three kinds of theory are all difficult to open the truth of particle problem. Stay besides this three kinds of theory, objectively speaking, the correct answer just one only! The theory of there are three kinds of “basic (elementary )particle” , at least two of them are wrong. When after understanded the graviton can form “micro vortex galaxy”, the result is, it need two kinds of basic particle only(see also in 《L04 matter's evolution》) ! More problems of the particle theory all so be readily solved,such as:where come from the atomic energy?Why that have the huge difference for strong force、weak force、gravitation? What is the “physical substance” of tens of thousands of kinds of "particles"? Why the “particle”is “variable”? Why only proton and neutron can stability, lots and lots of “particles” then show instability、“short life”? In the article 《L04 matter's evolution》from the basic particle to “supernova” on the matter's evolution circulation all linked be clear at a glance, in the more complete theory, already not need the “third kind of basic particle”, so far mixed kinds of “particles” named by laboratory, mostly they are in the form of graviton "micro vortex galaxy",only the neutron’s inner has the member of repultons(electrons). Their common property are: “carry positive charge”(the back grand is the density of surplus force-line higher than the proton)、“variable”(can stable only reach to the proton scale)、the quality cannot large than proton(when quality reach to proton the scale already stable);some “particle” though familiar, but more analysis can find In fact, false. Hence, this “particle” of kinetic energy of 125-126 electron volts itself does a “micro vortex galaxy” of member less than the proton and does not “a particle”, further to say if can “give quality to other particle”, whether oure imagination? Visible, the judgment of “Gog particle” is lack of mechanism、existing problem, Hawking never lose. 

  In 2008.10 , the section2 (Possible and in-possible collision result of LHC ) of article《L24aWhat can dislodging from LHC-large hadron collider》 from website www.chinesephysics.com already to make the forecast, any thus “particle” its quality would less than proton, here still cen further guess:it “carry positive charge”、its quantity of electricity more than proton、it is a unstable “particle”,it would “evolve” towards the direction of “big”. The paper also discussed, if the precision of the measuring instrument for electron volts get largely increased, such “particle” of like “god particle” may have tension of thousands “kinds”. their common characteristic is: “carry positive charge”、possess atomic energy、unstable、the quality less than proton, really is the “micro vortex galaxy” of the proton, their difference only be:the member quantity of graviton.

  Proton or neutron act as a “micro vortex galaxy” of the inner acting force has been reach to the limit (can’t again increase member), possible “complete disintegration” and “un-complete disintegration”. When “supernova explosion” appear “complete disintegration”, now, many atomic proton、neutron disintegrate into gravitons、repultons and fly into space, what scale of their speed? It may try to measure, but now have not do this. Because now have not understand this speed is the same with graviton’s vortex speed of proton inner, Accurate determination of atomic energy can calculated this speed, after once be aware of graviton is the “ever quantum ”, they polymerize with the method of “storing-energy polymerization” to form proton, speed’s calculation is no problem. 

  From the conservation of energy angle to see, that is none “particle” or “thing” can “give other particle with the quality”, thought Higgs efforts to solve difficult question is respectable, at that time, no one to ask that same view, don’t judge his theory, it explain his theory is higher than the level of contemporary. But, today, as later generations, may improve the previous theory:there only two kinds of the basic particle, the true particle also only this two kinds! Here, this text raised a term of “true particle”, the other “particle”. That subatomic particle published by European Organization for Nuclear Research does not true particle but the smaller “micro vortex galaxy”after proton (the micro vortex galaxy of the graviton) “fission”   the reason have such as the above, the electron volt of kinetic energy they published is no problem, quality is the subatomic also reasonable, here is still predictable:it should “carry positive charge”(the charge quantity large than proton), after leave test space, it will continuos “polymerizing” in the space, develops towards the proton scale. As for that “particle” is fit of “god particle” does difficult to set up in theory. Because, it can’t to prove there is exist such “particle” have the ability of “giving quality”——in the physical field, it does not exist miraculous, need accord with natural law,need possess mechanism——also can’t prove actually it is true “a grain of particle” and does not “plural particle”. May wish to repeat: “The reliability for 99.9999%” can explain the measured data is reliability for “electron volt” only, not related to other physical factor.