L48

关于“太阳系的六大未解之谜”

提要 从宇宙间物质演变过程来看待太阳系及其演变，“太阳系的六大未解之迷”并不存在，问题之所以发生，乃是当前的“太阳系演变理论”存在局限性，根源在于基础理论的不完善

关键词 　　太阳系 　 太阳系六大未解之谜 　 X星 　彗星来自哪里

1 太阳系存在哪些“未解之谜”

　　从资料上看到的“太阳系的六大未解之谜”是：

（1）太阳系是如何形成的？

（2）为何太阳和月亮在空中一样大？

（3）行星X在哪里？

（4）彗星来自哪里？

（5）我们太阳系独一无二麽？

（6）太阳系会如何终结？

2 为什么上述问题会成为“未解之谜”

　　以上六个问题之所以无从获解在于目前的物理学基础理论没有涉及“空间物理”，这似乎属于天文学的，但是天文学却不能从物理基础理论中获得物质演变的相关原理支持，于是形成了“空白小区”，例如，问题（1）涉及“行星系如何形成”以及“行星如何转变成为恒星”；现在也确实不能回答问题（4）“彗星来自哪里？”，对此，首先需要解释“彗星是怎么形成的？”。

　　陈理士物理在经典物理学的基础上向空间延伸，领悟了空间引力子、斥力子——两种仅有的基本粒子——在“聚合效应”影响下逐步演变成为：“微涡旋双星”、“微涡旋星系”、“质子、中子”、“原子”、“宇宙尘”、“彗星”的机理与过程（参见本网站论文《L04 物质演变》）；从“超新星爆发”的观察结果中分析出：“超新星爆发”后先是形成一个行星系统，此系统的各个行星将不断从空间“引得”宇宙尘、流星、陨石等“陨物”而“成长”，其中最大的一颗行星由于引力线较多而“成长”越来越快，终于一枝独秀，“大”压群星，而行星转变为恒星，恰恰与“大”有关，“有关”在于：大到一定程度——太阳那么大——心部原子的电子层已经不堪重负，难以支撑外部压力而“垮让”，使质子、中子有了“会聚”机会。

　质子、中子乃是基本粒子的“微涡旋星系”，如果两枚质子“合并”，由于聚合效应，其结果是至少有“一枚”立即解体，基本粒子由涡旋运动转变为直线运动以“光速”飞向空间，表现出核能，这一运动方式的转变被误认为“质量变能量”，被误以为“物质不灭、能量不灭”两项基础自然规律似乎不再正确！

　是物理基础理论尚未完善致使有些自然现象被误读或难以解读。不仅以上所述成为难题，类似的难题还有不少。以下分析解答这六个“难题” 

3 用陈理士物理学观点解释上述六个问题

(1a）太阳系是如何形成的？

　　太阳系的形成与演变同其它恒星体系类似，是一个自然演变过程，现在我们观察到的现象乃是这个长期演变过程中的瞬间，在宇宙空间，一个恒星系统只是宇宙的一个“细胞”，《L04 物质演变》文章提出了从基本粒子到“超新星爆发”是一个演变循环，在“细胞”——恒星系统——范围内这一系列演变成为“非封闭”循环。

为什么是“非封闭”的呢？因为“超新星爆发”将恒星约90%物质解体成基本粒子高速飞向空间，这是空间“宇宙射线粒子”的重要来源，而留在原来空间的“剩余物质”是高温气体分子、原子。

　　于是，原来恒星的物质沿着内外两条循环路径： 

1恒星系统——恒星超新星爆发——基本粒子飞向空间——“微双星”——“微涡旋星系”——质子、中子——原子、分子——宇宙尘——彗星——成为宇宙空间的陨物最终加入行星或恒星

2 恒星系统——恒星超新星爆发——剩余物质(原空间)——行星系统——吸收陨物——恒星系统 

　　沿第1条路径的是飞向空间成为基本粒子的那大约90%的物质，其循环表现为“开放性”，即，它们高速飞向宇宙空间，没有任何“力”可使其返回原地，“循环”的各个环节乃是在宇宙空间，循环产生的“陨物”不一定加入哪个恒星系统，有随机性。

　　沿第2条路径的是留在原来空间的高温原子、分子。它们虽然只有原来大约10%的物质，远不能聚合成为一颗恒星而只能形成一个行星系统，但是空间将会不断有宇宙射线粒子、宇宙尘、星际物质甚至小行星进入，为这个行星系统慢慢地增加物质，使它们缓慢的“成长”，经过若干亿年，其中较大的一颗行星会因“良性循环”按对数规律一马当先，其质量远远大于它的“同胞”而达到“恒星大小”而转变为恒星。

上述转变机理在文章《L04 物质演变》及《L27a超新星爆发》中已有，此处不再叙述，总之，太阳系的现状只是一个循环过程的横向片段，其纵向乃是路径2，至此，对于问题 (1）的回答是：当今的太阳系是恒星系统循环演变过程中的一个阶段，它的“前一段”是“行星系统”，后一段是“恒星超新星爆发”。宇宙中的每一颗恒星都朝向“超新星爆发”的“下一环节”演变，原因在于，沿第1条路径的基本粒子不断在宇宙空间形成“聚合物”，万有引力的存在，使空间星体源源不断地获得“陨物”，这成为行星向恒星变和恒星向“超新星爆发”演变的物质保障。 

　　了解太阳系的形成，需要从空间物质演变循环的角度，讨论整个上述演变过程，目前我们看到的太阳系，只是几十亿年演变过程中的瞬间而已，它是从上一步演变过来的，正在向下一步演变而去。

(2a) 为何太阳和月亮在空中一样大？

　　 太阳的直径D1是：1390600公里，距离S1为149500000公里；月亮的直径D2是：3473公里，距离S2为384400（最小363300最大405500）公里。在视野中，D与S之比决定它们的“大小”

DI/SI=1390600/149500000=0.00930

D2/S2=3473/384400=0.00903 (最大3473/363300=0.009560最小3473/405500=0.008565)

　因为“日-地”与“月-地”距离周期改变，比较合理的说法是：太阳和月亮的大小看起来“相差不多”，可能的差值约为3%。如果说“在空中一样大”，那只是看上去“相差不多”而已。它们的大小之比是在不断改变之中，每年只有某一瞬间“在空中一样大”，这乃是星系演变过程中的现象，不足为奇。如果从月球背面观察天空，看到的地球，其图像要比太阳大许多！这同样不足为奇。

这些都是太阳系从行星系统慢慢地演变成为恒星系统自然发生的结果，如果情况有些不同，现在的结果也会不同，就是说，存在随机性。既然具有因果关系，这乃是太阳系演变中发生的现象而已，就不需要再问“为何”。

(3a) 行星X在哪里？

　　 这个问题的提法暗含了似乎“行星X”是客观存在的，只是至今为何没有发现而已，要是其实并非如此，这个“谜”将永远不能破解！

问题是怎么来的？这里援引资料上的一段： “如果我们说太阳系是一个精致的结构，我们就有理由推测其所有构件都分布在哪里，但传言说在太阳系的黑暗区域，那里潜伏着一个未知世界――行星X，一个冰冻天体或许和火星或地球差不多大。”应当相信天文观测，太阳系空间只是宇宙中离我们最近的区域，此中具有“行星规模”的任何天体应当不会被“失察”，行星X的存在乃是建立在“如果”和“传言”之上，不应加以重视。相反，可以认为，根据天文观察，太阳系内部，已经观察到并已测量出数据的行星外，并不存在任何X行星，不存在乃是“观察不到”的原因。 

(4a) 彗星来自哪里？

　 彗星的产生是物质在空间聚合演变的结果，以上（1a）中沿路径1 循环演变的一个环节便是聚合成为彗星，这个演变过程的特点是物质没有受到过“熔化”，保持原始分子颗粒状态，它们被万有引力聚合在一起，结构松散。

　　 于是，彗星可能在宇宙空间的任何区域随机产生， “彗星来自哪里？”它可能来自任何一个远离恒星的某个形成它的空间。

我们见到的彗星为什么一般不会来自太阳系？这和彗星的“速度”相关，如果在太阳系的较远空间聚合了一颗彗星，其速度要高于行星的速度，太阳难以“拴住”它，于是，会离开太阳系。

　　为什么彗星速度高于行星速度？这同物质聚合的机理有关，当引力子聚合成为质子时，它似乎应当在“当地”回旋而不具有“群速”，但是，由于引力子来自各方，它们的速度不可能完全“对称”，即，速度矢量的代数和不等于0，因此，质子聚合生成后具有一定速度V1，其值当然远小于引力子的速度V0（光速量级），同理，质子聚合成为原子、分子后分子、原子也具有速度V2，而且V2<V1,概率因素决定了参加聚合的物质越多，聚合后的“群速”越小。于是，彗星速度要大于行星的速度，它的轨迹成为双曲线或长短径之比很大的的椭圆。

(5a) 我们太阳系独一无二麽？

　　此问题需要澄清“独一无二”的含义，如果说，指的是“规模、成员情况、运行状态”的完全相同，太阳系当然是“独一无二”的，就是说，宇宙间不存在两个绝对相同的恒星系统。 

　如果说，问题指的是：宇宙中是否存在类似太阳系这样的由一些行星围绕一颗恒星回旋的天文系统其中有的行星还有卫星？

从物质演变循环的角度看，每一个恒星系统都是一个类似太阳系的演变系统，都存在上述两条演变路径，在“超新星爆发”之后，“只形成一颗行星”可能性很小，但具体是多少，有随机性，至于哪一颗行星会具有卫星，也是随机的。

(6a) 太阳系会如何终结？ 

　　有一些物理对象是“循环不断”或“无始无终”的，物质的存在、基本粒子的存在是自然界的客观存在，同“时间”——物质运动过程——无关，以上阐述了恒星演变分为两条路径进行循环，一条在“当地”，一条是开放的，这条开放的路径扮演了“我为人人、人人为我”的角色，这使广大空间不断增加演变需要的物质。

也就是说，太阳系正在向“超新星爆发”演变，在几十亿年后，发生“超新星爆发”。再后，沿路径2 继续演变，这一循环演变将无始无终。

2019.3.26 加注（位于中文最后）： 本文于2012/8/17 登上本网站原先架构，2019.1月投入使用的现在的新架构未设计“加入时间、阅读次数”，故加注以保持原貌

L47  About the “six big unsolved riddles of the solar system”

abstract from the universe material evolution process to think about “the solar system’s six big unsolved mysteries” did not exist, the question is occurring, to be lie in the current “evolution theory of the solar system ”has several limitation, root is that the basic theory is not perfect

key words solar system the solar system’s six big unsolved mysteries star X where comets come from 

1What “unsolved mysteries” that solar system exists

　　The “six big unsolved riddles of the solar system” see from data is：

（1）How to form the solar system？

（2）Why the sun is as big as the moon in the sky ?

（3）Where set up the planet X ? 

（4）Where come from the comet ? 

（5）Unique our solar system?

（6）What is the finalization for the solar system?

2 Why above problems be able to become the “unsolved riddles”

　　The reason of why above six problems not the solution lie in the basic theory of present physics has not involve “space physics”, it seems belong to the scope of astronomy, but the astronomy cannot get support with related principle from physical basic theory, hence become the “blank little space ”, e.g. the problem (1) related to “how form planets system” and “how can the planet change to the fixed star”；now that is really cannot reply the problem (4) mean “Where come from the comet ? “, to this, at the first need to explain “how can form the comet?”．

　　Chinese physics on the basis of classical physics and extend to the space, understood the reason and process of space graviton、repulton——two kind of the only basic particle——under the influence of “polymerizing effect” gradually change become ：“micro vortex double star”、 “micro vortex galaxy” 、“proton”、 “atom”、 “cosmic dust”、 “comet”(see also in the text 《L04 evolution of matter》in Cinema blend )； from the observations of “supernova” can get the analysis：after “supernova” the first was form a planetary system, every planet of this system will continues “attracted” cosmic dust、meteor、aerolite and so on “meteorite things” from space and “grow up”, among they the biggest one by reason of have more attracting force line so its “growth” faster and faster, at last “outshine others”, “big” exceed the other planets, and that planet change to the fixed star just related to “big”, “related” is lie in：when big to a certain degree——the sun so big——the center atom’s electronic shell already over whelmed, difficult to support external pressure and “breaks down to keep off” , make proton、neutron have the chance of “met together”．

　　Proton、neutron to be the “micro vortex galaxy” of the basic particle, if two proton get “combine”, due to polymerizing effect, the result is, at least the “one” immediately break up, the basic particles from vortex motion change into lineal motion fly out to space with “light speed”, show up the nuclear energy, this change of motion mode suffer take for “quality change to energy”, suffer take for the two basic natural law of “conservation of matter” and “conservation of energy” seems no longer correct ! 

　　It was the physical basic theory has not been perfected yet cause some natural phenomenon be misreading or difficult understanding．Not only above said become puzzle, the similar puzzles still more．The following is the analysis and reply for this six “puzzles” 

3 use the viewpoint from Chinese physics to explain above six problems

(1a）how to form the solar system？

　　The forming and evolution of solar system is similar with other star system, it is a natural evolution process, the phenomenon of know we observed to be the moment among this long-term evolution, in the cosmic space, a star’s system only a “cell” of cosmos, text 《L04 evolution of matter》put forwarded from the basic particle to “supernova” was a evolution cycle, in the “cell”——star’s system—— scope these a series of evolution become “un-blind” cycle． 

　　Why did “un-blind” it is”? Because of “supernova” make about 90% materials of original star get break up become the basic particle fly to the space with high speed, this is the important source of space “cosmic rays particles”, and the “surplus materials” of stay in original space was the molecules、atoms of high temperature gas．

Therefore, the material of original star along with two cycle way of internal and external：

1 star system——star supernova——basic particles fly to space——“micro double star”——“micro vortex galaxy”——proton、neutron——atom、molecule——cosmic dust——comet——become the meteorite things of cosmic space and final join in planet or star

2 star system——star supernova——surplus materials（local space）——planets system——intake meteorite——star system

　　Become the basic particle fly to space along the 1 way was that about 90% materials, its cycle show “openness”, mean, they fly to cosmic space with high speed, not have any “force” can make they return to the starting point, each link of “cycle” to be in the space, the “meteorite” produced by cycle not always accede to which star system, possess randomness． 

　　Along the 2 way was that high temperature atoms、molecules of stay in the original space．Though only occupy about 10% of original matter, not nearly polymerizing to a star and can but form a planets system．But space be going to continued cosmic rays particles、cosmic dust、interstellar matter even asteroid enter into this space, slowly increasing material for this planets system, make they slow “growth”, through some hundred million years, among them a larger one be able to cause by “virtuous cycle” in accordance with logarithm law so take the lead, its quality far greater than its “compatriot” reach to “star size” and translate to star． 

　　The reason of above translate has been narrated in article 《L04 evolution of matter》and《L27a supernova explosion》, here no longer narrate, in short, the current situation of the solar system just the horizontal pieces of a cycle process, its length route to be above way 2, until here, the reply for problem1 is：the current solar system just a stage of the cycle translating process of the star system, its “previous period” was “planets system”, the “rear period” to be “supernova explosion”．Cosmic every star are all develop towards the stage of “next step” of “supernova explosion”, the reason is lie in, the basic particles of along with 1 way constantly form “polymeride”, the existence of gravitation, make space aster continues get “meteorite”, this become material guarantee for planet develop towards star and star develop towards “supernova explosion”． 

　　Hence，kwon the formation of the solar system, need to from the angle of space matter’s evolution cycle, to discuss whole above evolution process, the present solar system of we imagines, only the moment of evolution process of billions of years, it is evolution from the last step, and is going to next step．

(2a) why the sun was as big as the moon?

　　　 The sun’s diameter D1 was 1390600 KM, the distance S1 was 149500000KM ；the moon’s diameter D2 was 3473 KM, the distance S2 was 384400 (Min：363300 Max：405500) KM．in the sight, the ratio of D and S is decide their “big or small”

DI/SI=1390600/149500000=0.00930167

D2/S2=3473/384400=0.00903486 (Max：3473/363300=0.00955959 Min：3473/405500=0.00856473)

　　On account of the distance of sun and moon was periodic change, the more reasonable statement is：the size of sun and moon was “similar” in sight, the possible difference about 3%．If to say “same big in the sky” it is “similar in sight” only．Their ratio of size is in the continue change, only have a moment can “as big as in the space” for every year, this is the phenomenon in the galaxy evolution process, no wonder．If from the moon’s far-side watch the sky, see the earth, its image to many larger than the sun! this also no wonder． 

These are all the results of the solar system from planet system slowly develop to the star system of natural happened, if the conditions have some difference, the present results also will be different, that is to say, exist randomness．Now that has the causality, this to be the occurred phenomenon in the solar system evolution only, be not need to answer “why”．

(3a) where exist the planet X ?

The wording of this problem implies it seems“planet X”is truly exist, just why so far have not find nothing more, lf it’s not, this “riddle” will never cracked ! 

　　How to this problem? Here cite a period of material：“if our solar system is a delicate structure , then we have the reason to guess all component distribution in where, but the rumour says that the dark regions of the solar system, there lie dormant a outfield——planet X, a frozen celestial body it perhaps as large as Mars or the earth” , should believe in the astronomical observation, the solar system space only the nearest region leave we in the cosmos, any aster of possess “planet size” ought to won’t be “oversight”, the existence of planet X to be establish on the basis of “if” and the “rumour” , should not be taken seriously．On the contrary, can think, according to the astronomical observation, the inner of the solar system, except the planets of have observed and already measured data, there does not exist any planet X, inexistence to be the reason of “cannot watch” ． 

(4a) where comets come from？

　　 Comet’s produce was the result of material polymerizing evolution in the space, in the above （1a）a link of the cycle evolution of way 1 is polymerizing become a comet, the characteristic of this evolution process is materials have not suffer “melting”, keep the original molecular particle state, they get together by the gravitation, looseness of structure．

　　Hence, the comet possible randomly generated in every region of the cosmic space, “where comets come from” ? It possible from some space of generated him of far from star． 

　　Why the comet of we see generally will not come from the solar system? It was related to the “speed” of comet, if polymerized a comet at the far space of the solar system, its speed should higher with the comet, the sun difficult to tie up it, so, it will leave the solar system．

Why comet’s speed would higher than planet’s speed? It is related to the mechanism of material polymerizing, while the gravitons polymerizing to proton, it seems ought convolute at “local” and not have “group velocity”, but, due to numerous gravitons come from every direction, their speed impossible “symmetry” at all, mean, the algebraic sum of the speed vector was not equal to 0, therefore, proton process fixed speed V1 after it polymerizing produced from gravitons, the value certainly is far less than graviton’s speed V0 (order of light speed), similarly, after proton polymerizing to atom、molecule they also process speed V2, and V2<V1, probability factors decided more material join in polymerizing, the “group speed” of polymerization is more lower．Hence, comet’s speed would large than planet’s, its track become hyperbola or ellipse of the big ratio of the long diameter to the short diameter． 

(5a) Unique our solar system?

　　This problem need to clear the meaning of “unique”, if say, refer to the same of “scale、member’s condition、running state ”, of cause the solar system was “unique”, that is to say, the universe does not exit two absolutely the same star system． 

If say the problem is point to：if universe exist such astronomical system similar with the solar system by some planet orbits a star of which some planets also have satellite? 

　　From the angle of matter’s evolution to see, every star system is a develop system similarly with solar system, all exist above two evolution way, after “supernova”, the probability of only form a planet is very small, but the specific is how much, it has random, as for which planet would have satellite, also the random． 

(6a) How will the solar system end?

　　Some physical phenomenon was “the ceaseless cycle” or “no beginning and no end”, the existence of material、basic particle was the natural objective existence, has nothing to do with the “time”——material motion process——，above expounded star’s evolution was divide two way do the cycle, the one is at the “local”, the other one is open, this open way played a “character” of “one for all、all for one”, this make “local” space ceaselessly increase material for the evolution need．

　　Special said, the solar system is developing towards “supernova”, after billions of years, will happen “supernova”．Then, 

along the path 2 continue to evolution, this cycle evolution will no beginning and no end．