L47  太阳将在六年后(2012年)发生超新星爆发吗？

             李淑玮 　　陈理士

提要 本文据理判断太阳在最近若干亿年内不会发生超新星爆发

关键词　　太阳　　超新星爆发　　恒星

　　据欧洲宇航局科学家小组不久前对太阳的新观测和计算，荷兰天体物理学家彼斯迈耶尔宣布：“大约再过6年，太阳可能发生“超新星爆发”。果真太阳发生爆发，地球和太阳系的其它行星便要陷入火海，在有机物全部毁灭之后，各奔东西，纷纷进入黑暗太空，直到各自成为另一颗恒星的新行星；果真如此，已有数十亿年寿命的地球，岂不要在数年后面临翻天覆地的巨大灾变，所有生命全都在劫难逃么？对此，今天的物理界有必要作出是或否的评论，难道这不是“天大”的事吗？但是，现行理论对此很难置辩，因为，关于恒星在什么情况下发生“超新星爆发”至今无机理可说，无从评论太阳在当下会不会爆发。现行理论认为，恒星上进行着轻元素转变为重元素的“热聚变”反应。这一理论存在一些难以解释的问题，如：

1、 恒星上的核反应起初是如何发生的？

2、 恒星在发生核反应前是何情况？

3、 恒星为什么会发生超新星爆发？

4、 地球上轻重元素均有，这同“热聚变”理论如何相关？

　　针对以上情况和问题，需要从基本粒子开始考察。基本粒子的成员已有些眼花缭乱，除了夸克、中微子等以往认定的十二种之外，还有它们的“镜像粒子”、胶子、玻色子、西格斯子以及新发现的夸克、中微子等。这么许多基本粒子，质量各不相同，当它们合成中子、质子时，每个中子或质子只由“三个族”中各参加一个成员，这样合成的中子质子其质量不可能“划一”。实测数值是：中子、质子质量分别为1.6749×10－24（-24次方）克和1.67248×10－24克（10的-24方克），其“划一”程度至少达到10－5（-5次方），这是明显的相乖。

　　若从作用力的角度和基本粒子必须是“一粒”要求出发，基本粒子只需两种：引力子和斥力子。很明显，斥力子就是电子，因为它的本性相斥，不存在“合伙”问题，但电子的真实大小比现在认为的要小的多，何以见得？现在假设氢原子外层只有一枚电子，这一枚电子怎样能将氢原子外层空间封闭得如此之好以致氢呈现“电中性”？可见，这是一份而非一枚。引力子是谁？它是“一粒”引力线的发出者，它不能分解，“裂变”、成为“碎片”，因为，它的质量最小。它有可能是“电中微子”，也可能更小，有待以后经过研究确定。上述那些其它的“基本粒子”，按理说，它们乃是“聚合组群”，否则，怎么可能“分裂”呢？至于“带负电荷的粒子”，显然在“组员”中含有电子。两种基本粒子发出两种力线：引力线与斥力线，其作用是：

1a、引力线同引力线作用产生引力，记为F1；

2a、斥力线同斥力线作用产生斥力，记为F2；

3a、引力线同斥力线作用产生引力记为F3 ， 但 F3＜F1。

　　只需证明3a，举证是：原子结构。电子在原子外层旋转一般不能离去，这说明了F3是引力且＜F1。以上三项作用力使宇宙中引力占优势，斥力虽然较小但却十分重要，它使原子间保持间距、材料具有抗压强度。如果没有斥力，宇宙将成为一个不能形成元素的混沌甚至成为一个密实的大球！引力占优势的结果是，任何“规模”的物质―――除了电子―――之间，都存在引力。但是，不同“规模”物质的引力线密度并不相等，下面将回答“为何不等”。由于“不等”所引起的误会，人们将力分成四种，并且为此形成量子电动力学、色动力学、味动力学等学科。这些都是智慧的结晶，但也同时需要从物理机制上探明：在量子领域力线总量为何不随物质总量作线性改变而使牛顿规律显得不适用？

　　众多恒星不断辐射，使空间布满各向高速飞行的基本粒子，其中斥力子受到空间电场中已有电子的作用，逐渐减速，最终融入这个场；引力子离开恒星后长期高速运行，一旦，从正前方有另一粒飞来，双方距离越来越近，当与这枚引力子擦身而过且最近距离＜埃而又不恰好对撞，情况如何？此时，强大的引力已将双方拴住使其不再分离，它俩的质量m和速度v所具有的能量2 (1/2mv2（平方）)并不损耗，因此，从此成为一个“聚合小组”，成为相互回旋的“微双星”，在二者质量均等于m速度均等于v的假设下，“微双星”在转变的当地旋转，“群速”为零，内含能量mv2(平方)。 

　　这一聚合将原先粒子直线飞行时的动能转变为“微双星”内部的回转能量，不再向外显示，故名“蓄能聚合”，不难看出，这就是原子能的蕴藏过程。设每枚引力子发出的引力线总量为1，力线均匀的伸向空间，在两枚引力聚合时，π角范围内的引力线相互作用形成引力，双方各剩余1/2力线依然伸向空间，于是，二粒子“聚合组”向空间发出的引力线依然是1，由几何作图可知，当聚合小组由2逐渐增加到n时，这个含有n粒引力子“聚合组群”的剩余力线总量也是1。在此特殊情况下，每枚引力子的剩余力线由1/2逐渐降到1/n，任意枚引力子“小组”剩余力线均为1，不适用通常的四则运算规则。可称为“聚合效应”罢。

　　空间既有引力子不断飞过，剩余力线又是引力线，上述“聚合组群”的成长在所必然，但是剩余力线不随总质量增多意味着引力线密度降低，它对外的“吸引力”也随之下降，因此，到了一定“规模”，引力已不足以拴住从身边飞过的高速引力子时，“群体”的成长便告停。若问，这时“规模”多大？答案便是质子，质子的“规模”既然是力平衡的结果，它的质量相当划一（差异＜10万分之一）便可理解。质子是一个众多高速回旋引力子的“涡旋星系”它的能量约等于1/2mc2（平方），因为一般认为，基本粒子飞离原子的速度≈光速c。如果质子解体，众引力子又以原速度飞入空间，从而显示其动能1/2mc2（平方），此中转变机理很明显，还需要“质量转变为能量”、“质量可变”、“质量和能量是同一事物的不同表现”之类的“理论”加以解释吗？至此，不难发现，由于对“蓄能聚合”和力线的“聚合效应”不清，在物质和能量方面不正确观点已获得动武之地，这使基础理论掺入了“杂质”，从而“难题”迭出。

　　质子中可能有电子加盟，因为F3也是引力。在质子中有了电子成分后，结果如何？其一是新的粒子要比质子略重，其二是它吸引电子后会成为“电中性”。因为，如果它尚能吸引电子，则显示“带正电荷”，若已不能吸引电子，便是“电中性”。在特殊情况下再增加一些电子也有可能———被称为“反质子”，所多的电子不可能牢固的结合，先进来的电子有排斥后来者的倾向。所以，“反质子”可能存在，但不稳定，同对称观点所期望的那种能形成反物质的“反质子”并不一致。

　　现在，回过头来考察宇宙中物质演变的总趋势，由于始终存在引力线，所以“聚合”是除恒星以外所有具有剩余力线物质的总态势，就是说除了不参加组成元素的电子，所有空间大大小小物质直至行星，都处在“聚合”之中。“聚合”的起点是“蓄能聚合”。另一种形成宇宙射线的“代数聚合”与本题关系不大，故略。

　　“蓄能聚合”形成质子、中子，质子、中子的不断增加为元素产生提供了“原料”。元素的积累最终形成行星(行星的形成有另一条“速成”途径，参见L27a超新星爆发)，行星以引力线吸引陨落物继续增大体积。一个明显的事实是，空间不存在体积如行星那么大的“小恒星”。只要是恒星都比行星大，以太阳为例，它的质量占了太阳系总质量的99.9％，八大行星加在一起只占了大约1‰，这到底为什么？回答似乎不易。但如果将这种情况视作大自然给予的启示，不妨设想，并非有谁挑选了“大个头”星体加以“点燃”使之成为恒星，而是行星发展到足够大的体积后“自然”会转变成为恒星。但其机理何在呢？

　　这样的思路使人转向行星在什么状态下会启动核反应的分析。以地球为例，心部材料由于重力而受压，地心压强达到3600亿帕。比地表受到的大气压强（10万帕）大360万倍。在金属压力试验机上，材料通常被加压到10亿帕压强时即被压垮，在高于此值180倍的地心压强下，情况如何呢？其实材料的“抗压”本领与施压方式有关，上述10亿帕是指材料在一维坐标内接受压力，如果材料在三维坐标内均匀受压———就像密闭容器中液体受压那样———其抗压本领要大得多，以地心为例，通过岩浆不断上下交流可见，大多数材料并无什么结构变化，少数元素在高压高温下改变了结晶格式，形成了金刚石一类物质。

　　由于均匀受压，深海生物可以在那里生存，如果让它们单方向接受哪怕1/10的压强，它们恐难消受。但是，事情总有一个极限，即“阈值”。即使在密闭状态下受压，材料能承受的压强也有一定能力，如果压强比地心再增加100余倍，情况会如何？回答也许令人意外：发生核反应！就是说，原子外层电子是被引力吸住不能逸去而以它原先的线速度在那里“打圈圈”，当材料受到压力，此力最终分摊到每个原子的外电子层之间，由电子间的斥力“抵制”外压力。一旦“抵制能力”达到极限，电子被挤走，受压局部形成比“质子对撞”还要进一层的“引力子对撞”，在引力子纷纷飞入空间的同时，电子也纷纷逸去，从而使原子解体。于是，在这颗心部压强比地球大100余倍的“行星”的中心部位发生原子解体的核反应，

反应的结果是它的“体温”不断升高，质量和能量开始出现“散”的改变。这里说的便是太阳，若问太阳为什么只在心部温度最高，答案并不在热辐射规律，主要原因：那里是核反应炉！那里压强高。但是，太阳由一颗大行星转变为恒星的物理机制说明了所有行星向恒星“发展”的过程，因为，既然引力占优势，聚合便不可避免。当今，估计每天被引力吸来的陨物，仅地球上即可达100多吨，比地球质量大33万倍的太阳，其殒落物当然更多。

　　对于行星，殒落物将使其增加质量；对于恒星，殒落物是他的物质收入，因为核反应“散”去的物质导致“减肥”，如果没有“收入”，退化为白矮星便难以避免。要是收支相抵甚至有所节余，它在空间发出光、热、微粒的同时，还会进一步“发福”！恒星进一步增大意味着心部压力达到阈值的区域增大，核反应区域由心部向外扩展，辐射增强，如果这种势头继续保持下去，核反应区域越来越大，单位时间向外“散射”出的质量越来越多，最终的结果是，整个恒星在辐射和高温作用下急剧膨胀，在发出强光的同时，化为粒子、高温气体向四面八方散去，这便是“超新星爆发”。

　　实际上是空间消失了一颗恒星，它的全部质量转变为基本粒子和高温气体分散而去，正如中国谚语“物极必反”所说。物质从基本粒子起开始“聚合”演变，达到恒星规模时开始出现“分散”，到了“新星”规模便发生彻底的“散”。

　　“物质聚复散”是宇宙中反复存在的演变，“新星”的爆发，如上所述，其机理同恒星发生核反应是一脉相承的关系。因此，“体积变大”是恒星转变为“新星”的条件。太阳目下会成为“新星”吗？可从以下几方面探讨这个问题： 

1b、太阳的大小、质量在一般可见恒星中位居中游，如果说许多比太阳大的恒星都没有发展到“爆发“阶段的话，短期内还轮不到太阳。

2b、按绝对亮度比较，太阳则居于下游，这说明它的“产热”相对较少，在恒星转变到超新星爆发过程之前，必定有一个温度猛烈上升的阶段，如果太阳温度较多地上升，它辐射出的热量也会猛烈上升。似乎并未发现这种倾向。

3b、向“爆发”方向发展是每个恒星演变的必然趋势，但一颗恒星何时转变为“新星”关键是质量增加，体积增大，而体积与质量增加的速度取决于周围空间星际物质的丰度。人类对于太阳的观察已有许多年的记录，是否发现了太阳质量的增速加快了呢？是否发现今天的太阳显著比若干年前“大多了”呢？太阳只是一颗“盛年”或“中年”的恒星，空间不可能在短期内突然涌来以1027（10的27次方）吨计的物质而使太阳质量翻翻，增加这么多质量是若干亿年的事。

　　由以上1b～3b分析，太阳转变为超新星爆发虽然是今后的必然趋势，但也不会在数亿年的“短期内”发生，因为它的成长受到物质“供给”的制约，空间“聚合”生成中子、质子、原子的速度又受到恒星辐射总量的制约，不会戏剧性的增减。当然，太阳上出现“黑子”是一件“不祥”之兆，为什么？因为这说明太阳表面有了一个温度较低的“面积”，这难道不正是一个重量较大的“外来”质量进入了太阳吗？任何大量物质的进入当然起到了使太阳加快向“爆发”方向前进的步伐。所好，黑子的出现并不经常，所形成的暗斑也不算很大，就是，即使一个较大的黑子，它也不会使太阳增加的质量达到月球（7×1019吨）（10的19次方）那么多，即增重的相对值小于4×10－8（-8次方）。

于是，若说太阳将在数年内“爆发”，难以置信。

注：本文于2006年发表于昆明《第三届全国物理及其应用学术研讨会》并收入《科技学术论文集 物理及其应用》（本文对原文有少许修改）

2019.3.26 加注 ： 本文于2012/6/6登上本网站原先架构，2006年，荷兰天体物理学家彼斯迈耶尔宣布：“大约再过6年，太阳可能发生“超新星爆发”，世界物理与天文理论对此沉默，本文作出“太阳在最近若干亿年内不会发生超新星爆发”的理论预测。

2019.1月投入使用的现在的新架构未设计“加入时间、阅读次数”，故加注以保持原貌

L47  Whether the sun will going to supernova explosion after six years?

                      Li Shuo Wei 　　 S. G. Chinese

subtractThis text according to the reason and judge the sun will not happens supernova explosion after some hundred million years 

key words 　sun 　 supernova explosion　star 

According to the new observation and calculation not long ago for the sun from scientists group of Europe space agency, Netherlands astrophysicist He's. Meyer declare, “it about after six years, the sun will going to supernova explosion．” If really the sun happen explosion , the earth and other planets of the solar system then will sink into a sea of fire, after the organics all destroy, drift apart, one after another enter into the dark Space, until each become the new planet of other star；If really so the earth of have some thousands million years life, surely it doesn’t mean that the earth will be faced with world-shaking catastrophe, all life will no escape? Withal, hodiernal physical field be necessary give the comment of right or not, does that is a matter of “extremely big”? but now physical theory very difficult rebut to this, because, up to now not have the mechanism to say about in what context star may happy “supernova explosion”, have no way for comment the sun will or will not erupt immediately．Active theory think, star is proceeding the “heat fusion” reaction of the light element change to heavy element．This theory exist some problems of difficult explanatory, like：

　1、How can happen the nuclear reaction in the star at first?

　2、What condition before the star happen nuclear reaction?

　3、Why the star be able to happen supernova explosion?

　4、there are all the light element and heavy element in the earth, how be related to “heat fusion” theory?　Aim at above problem, it need begin investigate from the basic (elementary) particles．The members of basic particles already be make some dazzled, except quark、neutrino and so on 12 kinds of former affirmed, still have their “Mirror particles”、gluon、boson、Higgs and newfound quark、neutrino etc．so much basic particles, the quality was differ from one another, when they combining to neutron、proton, ever neutron or proton only by every clan join one member from “three clan”, such combined neutron or proton impossible get uniform quality．But actual quantitative value is：the quality of neutron and proton is 1.6749×10－24 (10 to the power of -24)

gram and 1.6749×10－24 (10 to the power of -24)gram, the degree of uniform at 10－5 (10 to the power of -5) the least, this is a obvious contradiction．

If start off from the angle of the requirement of basic particle should be “one grain”, the basic particle need two kinds：graviton and repulton． clearly, the repulton to be electron exactly, due to its nature is mutually repel, not exist the problem of “partnership”, but the true size of electron should more small than now regarded, why do think so? up to now suppose only one electron at the outer sphere of hydrogen atom, how can this one electron may so well close outer space of hydrogen atom and so that hydrogen atom appears “electric neutrality”? visible, it is a share of and does not one．Who is graviton? It is “one” issuer, it cannot resolve、“fission”、become “fragment”, because, its quality is least．It potential to be the “electron neutrino”, also maybe more small, it await later sure go by research．So say those other “basic (elementary) particles”, by rights, they to be the “polymerizing groups”, if not, how they can “fission”? go so far as to the “particle of carry negative charge”, obvious it is contain electron in its “group member”．Two kinds of basic particle issued two kinds of force-line：attracting force-line and repulsion force-line, the function is：

1a、attracting force-line affect with attracting force-line produce attracting force, mark it with F1；

2a、repulsion force-line affect with repulsion force-line produce repulsion force, mark it with F2；

3a、attracting force-line affect with repulsion force-line produce attracting force also, mark it with F3, but F3＜F1。 

Here only need prove 3a，the testification was：atomic structure．The electrons rotate on atomic outer sphere generally cannot leave, this explained F3 is attracting force and ＜F1．Above three acting forces make attracting force be in the ascendant in the cosmos, though the repulsion is smaller but very important, it make the distance can keep between atoms、materials possess compression strength．If without repulsion, cosmos will have become the chaos of cannot form element even become a close-grained huge ball ! the result of attracting force dominating is, between material of any scale——except electron——are all exist attraction．But, the density of different scale material does not in the equal, It will answer “way unequal” at the rear．Tue to the misunderstand which caused by this “unequal”, people divide the force into four kinds, and for this reason form quantum electrodynamics、quantum chromo-dynamics、quantum flavor-dynamics etc subject．These are all the crystallizes of wisdom, but it also need ascertain from the physical mechanism at the same time：why in the quantum field the sum of force-line does not change follow material’s sum and make Newton’s law appear not fit? 

Numerous stars ceaseless radiating, make space full of the basic particles of every direction of fly with high speed, among these the repultons suffer action from space electric field, gradually slow down, at last blend in this field；after the graviton leave star shall move with high speed in the long time, once, the other one accio from right ahead, both distance more and more near, while this graviton shall brush past just the nearest distance ＜ angstrom and also don’t clash just right, what condition is it? Now, powerful attracting force already hitch up both sides make they no longer leave, their quality M and speed V and possessed energy E=2 (1/2mv2)（square） by no means loss, hence, from now on become a “polymerizing group”, become a “micro double star”, under the guess of both quality all equal to M and speed all equal to V, “micro double star” shall rotate at the local of transitional, the “group velocity” is zero, contain energy M V2 (square)．

This polymerization make original kinetic energy of straight fight of particle (graviton) translate to inner rotating energy of “micro double star”, (energy )no longer appear out, so named “storing-energy polymerization”, not difficult find out, it just the process of hold in store of atomic． 

Suppose the sum of attracting force-line issued from every graviton is 1, the force-line evenly stretch to space, when two gravitons get polymerizing, in the π scope the attracting force-line act each other form attracting force, both every one remain 1/2 attracting force-line still stretch to space, as a result, “polymerizing group” of two gravitons still issued the sum of 1 of attracting force-line to space, by geometric construction can known, when “polymerizing group” from 2 gradually add up to n, sum of surplus attracting force-line of this “polymerizing group” of contain n gravitons is 1 also．Under this circumstance, the surplus force-line of every graviton from 1/2 gradually reduce to 1/n, the surplus force-line of the group of random gravitons all for1, not applicable usual rule of arithmetic．May call it for “polymerizing effect”． 

Since space have gravitons ceaselessly fly over, the surplus force-line was attracting force-line, grow up of above “polymerizing group” then certainly being, but the surplus force-line not added follow total mass means the density of attracting force-line reduced, the “attraction” of it external also reduced, therefore, arrive fixed “scale”, when attracting force already not enough tie down the graviton of fly over at side, “group’s” grow then to the end．If ask, how large for the scale now? the answer is the proton, since the “scale” of proton is result of force balance, its quality was quite unification (difference ＜10－5) then can make out．Proton is one “micro vortex galaxy” of numerous gravitons convolute in high speed, its energy approximate 1/2mc2 (square), since generally think, the velocity of basic particle fly part from atom ≈ light velocity c．if proton get break up, numerous gravitons fly into space also with original velocity, thus show its kinetic energy 1/2mc2 (square)，this changing mechanism very clear, do it still give the explanation need use of “quality change to energy”、“quality variable”、“quality and energy is the different expression of the same thing” and so on “theory”? arrive here, not difficult find, due to unclear “storing-energy polymerization” and “polymerizing effect” of force-line, in the aspect of material and energy the incorrect viewpoint already got use force, this make basic theory mixed “impurity”, thus “puzzle” to occur repeatedly． 

The electron be able to join in proton, because the F3 is the attracting force also．After protons have the composition of electrons, what is the result? The one is the new “particle” would slightly weight than proton, the second is after it attracted electrons it should change to “electric neutrality”．Because, if it can attract the electron yet, it shows “carry positive charge”, if already cannot attract the electrons, that is “electric neutrality”．Under special circumstances again re-increase some electrons also can ——be called “anti-proton”, the added electrons impossible strong combination, the electron of advanced in have the tendency of repel later．Therefore, “anti-proton” possible exist, but not instability, not fit to the “anti-proton” of can form anti-matter of symmetrical viewpoint expected． 

Now, re-inspect the general trend of matter evolution in cosmos, due to all along exist attracting force-line, so “polymerization” is the general trend of whole matter of possess surplus (attracting) force-line besides star, it is to say expect for the electron of non-participate form element, all space matter all size up to planet, are all in the position of “polymerizing”．The starting point is “storing-energy polymerization”．The other “algebra polymerization” of form cosmic rays is not big relation to the subject under discussion, so brief．

“storing-energy polymerization” form proton、neutron, escalation of proton、neutron for produce offered “row material” for element form．The element get accumulated at last form planet (planet form have a other road of “speed up” yet), planet attract falling matter with attracting force (which form from attracting force-line) continue build volume．a obvious fact is, space not exist the “little star” of the volume scale like plant．If it is star its volume should bigger than planet, for example of sun, its quality occupied 99.9％ of the sum quality of solar system, the sum quality of planets single account for about 1‰，what on earth the reason is? The answer seems difficult． But if to think this kind of condition is nature gives inspiration, may well imagine, really not be who selected the planet of “large body” inflict “light” on and make it become star, but after the planet’s body developed enough large should “naturally” change to star．But what is its mechanism?

Such thinking make people turn to the analysis of under what state the planet be able to start nuclear reaction．For example of the earth, the center material suffer press due to gravity, the pressure of earth center reach to 3.6×1012 (10 to the power of 12) pascal (Pa)．it was large3.6 million times than the presser of the earth’s surface (a hundred thousand Pa )．At the testing machine of metal material, material generally suffer collapse under pressure at thousand million pa, when under the pressure of earth center of exceed this value 180 times, what situation is it? In fact material’s ability of “resist compression” is relate to pressure mode, above thousand million pa is depend on take in pressure in the 1-dimension, if the material well-distributed press in the 3-dimension coordinate——just as the liquid pressed in the closed container——its ability of resist compression would much bigger, for example of the earth’s core, through the magma ceaseless up and down exchange can see, the material of great majority not any structure’s change, the element of small number changed crystallize form under high pressure and high temperature, formed the mass of the same class of diamond． 

Due to equally pressed, abyssopelagic organism can live there, it let they take in even 1/10 this pressure at one direction, I’m afraid they difficult to enjoy．But, matter all have a limit, mean “threshold value”．Even pressed in the condition of closeness, the pressure of material can bear also a fixed ability, if pressure again added more than 100times, what condition can happened? the perhaps make one accident：occur nuclear reaction! That is to say, the electron of atom’s outer is attracted by attraction and cannot leave and “rotate” there with original linear velocity, when material under pressure, this pressure final would share to the atom’s outer electron, due to the repulsion between electrons “resist” external pressure．Once the “resist ability” reach to the limit, electron suffer crush out, the pressed part form “gravitons clash” of still high a bed than “proton clash”, at the same time of gravitons one after another fly out, electrons also one after another escape, thus make atom break up．Hence, in the center of this “planet” of pressure larger20 times than the earth so happen the nuclear reaction of atom break up, 

The result of the reaction is its “temperature” ceaseless rise, quality and energy begin appear the change of “scatter”．Here speak of just the sun, if ask why the highest temperature of the sun only at the center, the answer is not in heat radiation law, the main reason is, there is a furnace of nuclear reaction! And there pressure was highest．But, the physical mechanism of the sun from a large planet translate into star explained the process of all planets “develop” towards star, because of since the attraction was dominate, polymerization is inevitable．At present, estimate the Meteorite things come by gravitation, only to the earth may reach to more than 100 ton per day, for the sun of large 330 thousand times than the earth, the Meteorite things certainly even more． 

To the planet, the Meteorite things will make it add quality；to the star, the Meteorite things is its income, because matter “scattered” from nuclear reaction make it “lose weight”, in without income, degenerated white dwarf then difficult to avoid．In case of break-even even somewhat surplus, the same time of it issue light、heat、particle to the space, still be able to further “put on weight”! star’s further magnify mean the area of pressure reach to threshold in the center get magnify, the area of nuclear reaction from centre extend out, radiation would enhance, if this momentum ceaseless keep，the area of nuclear reaction bigger and bigger, the quality of “scatter” to outward in the unit time more and more, the final result is, the whole star under the reaction of radiation and high temperature happen rapid expansion, at the same time of issue high light, change into particle、high-temperature gas and drop away to all directions, this is the “supernova explosion”．

In effect it is disappears a star from the space, its whole quality change to the basic particle and high temperature gas and scatter away, just said as Chinese proverb “things will develop in the opposite direction when they become extreme”．Matter’s “polymerizing” evolution was begin from the basic particle, when reach to the scale of star begin appear “scatter”, arrive the scale of “supernova” then happen thorough “scattered”．

“Matter polymerizing and scatter” was the repeated evolution of cosmos existed, “supernova’s” explosion, as stated, its mechanism is come down in one continuous line with star happen nuclear reaction．Therefore, “the volume largen” is the condition of star turn into “supernova”．Should the sun become the “supernova” at present? May from under several side discuss this problem：

1b、sun’s size and mass is ranked middle in the common visible star, if to say many stars of large than the sun all have not develop to the stage of “explosion”, in the short run still not the real for the sun．

2b、in according to the comparison of absolute luminance, the sun then ranked at middle course, this explain its “heat production” is relative less, before the process of planet change to supernova explosion, be sure to have stage of the temperature violent rise, if the sun’s temperature more rise, the quantity of heat of it radiated also be able to violent rise．It seems have not find such tendency．

3b、develop towards “explosion” direction is every’ star’s certain evolution tendency, but the key of when the star change to “supernova” is mass addition、volume magnify, and the velocity of mass addition、volume magnify depend on the abundance ratio of the interstellar matter of around space．The observation of human for the sun has been take notes many years, whether find out the velocity of sun’s mass addition already speed up? Whether find out today’s sun notable “more large” than some years ago? the sun to be a star of “grow up age” or “middle age”, the space unable suddenly come up matter of count with 1027 ton and make its mass increase several times over, increase so much mass to be the matter several hundred million years． 

Due to above analysis of 1b～3b, though the sun change to supernova is the inexorable trend in future, but it will not happened “in the short run” of several hundred million years, because of its grow up suffer restriction of matter “supply”, the velocity of space “polymerizing” neutron、proton also suffer restriction of the sum of stars radiation, will not dramatic addition or reducing．Certainly, the sun appears “sun spot” is a “bad” omen, why? Because it explained the sun’s surface have an “area” of temperature lower, does it mean just a biggish “foreign” mass enter into the sun? Any mass enter into the sun certainly made the effect of make the sun accelerated the step of towards the “supernova” direction ．luckily, the appearance of “sun spot” does not often, also does not very big, exactly, even a bigger sun spot, it would not make the sun added weight such more reach to moon (7×thousand trillion tons), mean weight increment less than relative value 1per a hundred million．

As a result, if to say the sun will going to “supernova explosion” after six years, it is difficult to believe．

Note： the text issued in the third nationwide seminar of physics and application, 2006 Kun-Ming, and colleted in《modern physics and its application》, (it have few medication to the original) 、