L43真实引力子the true graviton

2019-1-7

L43 真实引力子 

   陈理士



提要 关于引力子的理论,目前众说纷纭,本文讨论它的“真实合理”内涵,避免理论脱离实际。

关键词 引力子  斥力子 真实引力子  基本粒子 

Text in English see the rear

1 概况



  阅读有关引力子的文章可以发现,众多文章赋予引力子一词的含义并不相同,可以说各说其是,但是缺少“各据其理”,并不进行争论,读者各取所需,难免莫衷一是。

在“引力子”这一名词领域,文章具有共同含义的部分是:

(1)什么是力? 答:是迫使物体发生变位或变形的物理势

(2)什么是引力?答:是迫使物体向“近处”变位的力

  至于引力子的定义,

(1a) 什么是引力子?答按大体有:

A:传递万有引力(重力)的粒子,又称重力子

B:是物理学中一个传递引力的假想的粒子(目前仍未知是否真正存在)

C:是构成引力波的物质

D:黑洞是纯引力子的世界

E:是一种玻色子,弦理论的某些版本能自然产生引力子

F:是恒星辐射光子的同时,发出的一种能量基波,是一种基本粒子

G:宇宙万物都是引力子与反引力子在相互作用中形成的

H:引力子线是大地震的主因 

(2a)关于引力子的性质与状态,各种描述更多,更加新颖而富有想象力,这里从略。


2 略议



  以理看来,上面纷纭的众说之中,最多只有一种可信。

就事论事,难以离开这一局面;引力子已经不具有共同含义而成为不同作者赋予不同内涵的一个词。

  不过,引力子起源于引力,因此,作为一个这样的“粒子”,它应当同力“相关”,如何相关?通过综合考察分析,结论是:引力子“发出引力线”而不是“发出引力”或“传递引力”。力线相互作用才能形成力,这一认识 可以从电磁现象中得到启发。

  力需要“粒子”来“传递”吗?如果需要,除了万有引力外,“其它三种力”也应当需要“传递力的粒子”!斥力需要不需要这样的“粒子”?如此,空间是否充满了“各种传力粒子”?!

  因此,涉及的基本理论问题是:力到底有几种?力需不需要“粒子”来传递?现在,几乎所有文章都相信“力有四种”:“万有引力、电磁力、强作用力、弱作用力”

  首先,这种划分(分成四种)不管力的“引、斥”而是只把引力按照“大小不同”分为“四种”,做法显得局限,好比把人分为老人、成人、青年、儿童四种人而无视男女之别。

  原因似乎在于,人们发现“三种”引力的大小之差如此巨大而又无法解释,而电磁力的表现同“那三种力”又明显不一样。于是,采取迂回策略,承认它们是“四种不同的力”,这一做法的优点是回避了难题,使人感到轻松;缺点之一是轻松的同时,也放松了对于机理的努力追寻,真像难以发现;二是“大小之差”作为划分“种类”的依据不合通常规则,难免不妥。

  因此,如果找到形成“三种力”大小之差的机理,如果找到电磁力显得“与众不同”的原因,“四种力”便可能回归为一种力!

  文章《L18a力的“统一”》恰恰做到了这一点,因此,“引力子”有可能走出上述众说纷纭的局面而使理论归于合理。

  文章《L04物质演变》还提到,通过分析,发现了力线的“H”法和“聚合效应”。同时,通过电荷产生原理发现了电磁力的实质,这样弭平了“四种引力”的界限,而能够明确看到它们的大小之差其实是“作用力线”的数量之别,作为引力,只有一种。

  所以,引力子就不是只同“万有引力”挂钩。

  因此,本文的引力子与诸文中那个“不同作者赋予不同内涵”的“引力子”已相径庭,不一码事。

  引力子乃是引力线的唯一发出者,发出引力线就能够通过相互作用形成引力,真空做不到这一点,于是引力子自己必须是物质、具有质量。

既然 “力线相互作用形成力”,这便排除了其它因素的加入,于是,力不需要其它物质加以“传递”,不需要“介力粒子”。

  物质之间只形成引力、斥力两种力,力又来自力线相互作用,自然的推理便是,作为发出两种力线的粒子:引力子、斥力子便是两种基本粒子。

推理使一个“真实引力子”的面目逐渐清晰。


3 真实引力子的条件



  参考《L34引力子、斥力子——基本粒子》中“1.2.1 基本粒子的条件”,引力子应当具有以下条件:

(1)是一枚真正的“单身”粒子

(2)向外发出引力线

(3)具有质量 

(4)不可再分裂

(5)不可灭

(6)不可“转变”

(7)通过形成力参与物质(规模)演变

(8)能够会同另外的基本粒子聚合成为已知所有“粒子”、物质且有明确的机理

(9)在自然界物质演变中有来龙去脉, 能够发生现已发现的所有的物质演变

(10)自然界到处都有

(11)质量最小

(12)比重最大

(13)发出的引力线密度最大,能够通过相互作用形成“所有的引力

(14)是一切与引力相关物理现象的“始作俑者”

(15)是“终身量子”, 具有恒速


4 关于真实引力子



4.1 引力子在我们周围

4.1.1 引力子是“谁”?

  参见《L04物质演变》,引力子乃是一枚具有“恒速”的基本粒子,它不改变运动速度,是“终身量子”,但是在物质演变中它的运动方式能够改变:作直线运动时,它是宇宙射线粒子;由于引力线,作为宇宙射线粒子,大多数会“结伴”,人们未能觉察于此,将测量到的所有“不同能量”的宇宙射线粒子都看做“一粒”,于是认为“宇宙射线有600种以上粒子”。其实,“不同能量”的正确解读是“不同数量”,这样才有助于了解引力子的“面目”。明显的理由是,“各种宇宙射线粒子”都可以“分裂”成为“另外的粒子”,

先不说“成为另外的粒子”需要“变”,这是理论上难以证明的命题,能够“分裂”就说明不是真正“一粒”。

  引力子从哪里来?它们来自空间的恒星和“超新星爆发”。在那里,质子、中子解体成为两种基本粒子高速飞向空间,成为“宇宙射线”和空间电场的电子来源;成为空间聚合生成中子、质子、原子的物料供应源。

就是说,需要通过宇宙中物质演变循环的全局来看待引力子的存在与参与演变。

既然引力子可以聚合成为质子,质子又是原子的“基本原料”,是否“引力子”就在我们身上?就在我们周围?

4.1.2 引力子的质量

  根据文章所载,“宇宙射线的能量差达到1012(10的12次方)”,最大相当于质子;最小自然应该相当于“一枚”引力子,于是由此推定引力子的质量 < 10-36(10的-36次方)克,这里需要保留一点“弹性”,即今后有可能有可能发现比1012 更大的数值,那时,引力子质量需要相应修改。

  现代物理学已经认定的“12种基本粒子”中,“电中微子”有可能是引力子。其它那些带正电荷的10种“基本粒子”其实都不是真正“一粒”而是引力子的“微涡旋组群”,何以证明?这些“基本粒子”无一不可以“分”“变”,无一不带“正电荷”(其实是它们乃是引力子组成,向空间发出引力线),无一可以长期存在,这些就是佐证。


4.1.3 引力子的状态

  引力子来源于核反应质子、中子解体,此时,原来在“微涡旋星系”内部作涡旋运动的引力子摆脱了引力飞向空间,由于它发出引力线,只能形成引力,在空间接收不到阻尼力,因此引力子不能改变速度,它们一直高速飞行,于是,恒具有动能,在《L34 引力子、斥力子——基本粒子》文中称之为“终身量子”。

  这里有一个问题:引力子会不会散入无际太空?答案是:不会!因为如果它们已经抵达物质宇宙的边界,再向外,它的部分引力线便同物质宇宙之间形成引力,此力会使它逐渐“返航”,前面说“引力子不会受到阻尼力”,一旦“越过边界”,“例外”就会发生。于是,宇宙空间不断有宇宙射线粒子的行踪,这一情况,永远不会改变。以上是离开质子、中子的引力子的状态。

  引力子的另一种状态是处于质子、中子内部,它们依然有那么高的“线速度”,但不是作直线运动而是回旋运动,迄今少有人理解这一情况,这是物理界忽视了能量不灭定律的缘故。因此解释不了“原子能何来”转而求助于“质量变能量”,使基础理论一误再误,以至“什么是物质”变成“难题”。


4.1.4 引力子的运动速度

  引力子具有的“恒速”有多大?现在还提不出精确数值,“一般认为”是光速,不过需要验证,因为现在有一种倾向,将“速度上限”定为光速,这其实缺乏机理。通过精确测量质子、中子核反应产生的能量可以得到这一数据,核反应使质子、中子解体,基本粒子以它的回旋速度V离开“涡旋”而飞入空间,其动能是E=1/2MV2(平方), 质子的质量M是已知的,测得原子能E就可以算出速度V , 如,有人提出,“能量方程已获得精确验证”,即E=MC2方程正确。如果属实,意味着1/2 MV2=MC2(平方) 或V=1,414 C 


4.1.5 引力子的来龙去脉

  从物质演变循环的整体情况来看,“万物”包括大约100 种不同元素形成的不同物质,引力占优势使所有物质整体上倾向“聚合”,由小而大。由引力子单独出面的“演变活动”是在初始“微观”状态,即,从两枚引力子聚合成为“微涡旋双星”开始,到“微涡旋星系”具有质子规模时为止。以后的演变,质子作为一个“单位”,它类似有众多引力子成员的大型合唱队,人们当然看得清合唱队的每一位成员,但是人们至今并未看清质子内部,于是众说纷纭,连它内部蕴含的巨大动能也不能理解。

  具有速度的引力子客观存在于空间是自然界物质客观存在的具体细则,考察它的运动、演变是研究工作。在演变的每个环节,都可以找到它的来龙去脉,但对于它“客观存在”这一基本点,人们需要承认而不能提问“宇宙中的引力子从哪里来”,答案只能是答非所问式的“从来处来”。这类自然界的基本存在,不存在“为什么”。


4.1.6 惊人的提法

  现在不少人还在为找不到引力子而感到迷惑,不少人还认为“引力子没有质量”。如果提出:“引力子到处都有,在我们身上就有数十公斤”!这是否令人不可思议?

但是,这恰恰是真的。因为质子是引力子构成的,中子是引力子、斥力子构成的,原子、分子是质子、中子、电子(斥力子)构成的,细胞是分子构成的,人体是细胞构成的。 


4.2 引力子有多大

  已知原子的尺度在10-8CM,如果质子在原子中的尺度类似太阳在太阳系中,恒星的距离大约10-100 光年,由此,质子直径大约为10-16(-16次方)CM,引力子在质子中情况如果类似,估计大约为10-24(-24次方)CM。


4.3 引力子的形状

  “粒子”的普遍形状是球形,因为它发出力线,形成力,于是要对外发生作用,如果不是球形,势必形成“不对称”,力线在各个方向不对称,相互作用就难以平稳。

  这里要再次重复一下,宇宙中真正的“粒子”仅有引力子、斥力子两种,在进一步证实以前,假设它们是球形比假设成其它形状更为可信。即使如此,还是需要今后实验证实。


4.4 引力子的“颜色”“温度”“电荷” 

  引力子有颜色吗?答:无色透明。其理何在?理由是,颜色是由原子、分子辐射、反射、透视、折射电波的波长确定的,小于分子、原子的任何“粒子”,不具有这种能力,不能使仪器或人产生“颜色”感;此外,它的尺寸远小于1/2光波波长,不能反射光波,故呈现透明,用光学方法看不到它。

  引力子有温度吗?答:引力子无所谓温度,温度是原子、分子外层电子对外扩散电子震动能量的描述,没有电子外层的“粒子”、“微涡旋星系”以及单独的基本粒子——引力子、斥力子——均不具有“温度”这一物理量。

  引力子有电荷吗?对此,需要 搁置人性化影响,理解“电荷”的物理实质。“电荷”其实是原子外层电子数量多于或少于“正常数量”而表现出的力线异常的现象。以“摩擦生电”为例,当两个绝缘材料相互摩擦,此时,外层电子相互驱赶,势必外电子层局部发生电子密度偏多或偏少的现象,“多”的电子是从“少”的那里“赶”来的。材料绝缘使这一现象得以保持较长时间。

  原子外围电子密度偏多了将会如何?当然是发出较正常为多的斥力线;原子外围电子密度偏少了将会如何?外层空间不能良好密封,于是原子核的引力线从“偏少”处向外泄出。

前者被人们定义为“带负电荷”,后者定义为“带正电荷”。

“带负电荷”的粒子或物质相互之间形成“斥力”这是理所当然的,人们称为“同性相斥”,问题是,“带正电荷”的粒子或物质却是“同性相吸”! 

  以往,相信“同性相斥、异性相吸”。对于“带正电荷”的粒子或物质相吸提出了“传力粒子”,说因为有了“传力粒子”质子在原子内部被他们“胶住”。

从力线出发看待微观粒子的作用力就比较清晰,不受过分人性化的影响,从而符合物理实际。

  因为引力子向外发出引力线,因此说它“带正电荷”未为不可,但是,不能随意引用人性化的“同性、异性”,一旦引用,便可能从理论上失误。

4.5 引力子名词 

  引力子是发出引力线的基本粒子,《L18a力的“统一》文章叙述了是“聚合效应”使引力形成了巨大量差,迄今人们误以为存在4种“不同种类”的引力(或四种不同的力),按照《L18a 力的“统一》文章的观点,“引力”只有一种而不是“四种”,从中文看使用“引力子”名词没有什么问题,“引力”在中文里不分“种类”。

4.6 关于引力子的英文名 

  不难看出, 引力子的英文名graviton 同gravitation(重力、万有引力)的关联,而在本文中,引力子涉及的引力涵盖了所有“四种”力,作为英文的引力子一词,似乎可以使用“attracton”, 不过,既然在陈理士物理(Chinese physics)中已经敉平了“四个力”的界限,依然沿用graviton就不成问题。




5 关于引力子的小结



1 引力子乃是凝聚“我们的宇宙”的基本粒子,在另一种基本粒子斥力子(电子)协同下,原子、分子、各种元素、形形色色的物质得以形成。

2 自然界并不存在第三种真正的“粒子”,也不存在第三种真正的基本粒子。

3 引力子有两种运动方式:回旋运动和直线运动(其动能即核能),将前者变为后者是利用核能的途径,任何质子都蕴含这一核能,并不局限于“放射性元素”。

4 引力子远在天边、近在眼前,当前缺少发现它们的仪器,但可以凭借推理理解它的无所不在。

5 目前,关于引力子的理论虽然眼花缭乱,但是,通过“机理”、“自然规律”、“逻辑”的检验,只有具有质量、具有动能、是真正的一粒、发出引力线、有合理的来龙去脉、能够聚合成 “所有其它‘粒子’、质子、中子、原子”以及宇宙万物的基本粒子才可能是真实引力子。

 2019.3.26 加注 : 本文于2011/8/23 登上本网站原先架构,2019.1月投入使用的现在的新架构未设计“加入时间、阅读次数”,故加注以保持原貌




L43  the true graviton



S.G.Chinese


abstract ]about theory of graviton, it is opinions vary now, this text discuss the true and reasonable connotation, intent avoid the situation of theory break away with reality.

key words graviton  repulton  true graviton(attracton)   basic(elementary) particle  attracton  


1 summary



  Read the text about graviton can find, the meaning which numerous articles give graviton does not in the same, so to speak:as it were, each according to their principle, but lack of “each according to their principle” , they not proceed dispute, the reader can each takes what he needs, so hard to avoid unable to decide which is right.

 In the field of the noun of “graviton”, the part of essay possess common meaning is:

(1) What is the force? Answer:it is the physical potential of compel object happen shift or change shape

(2) What is attracting force? Answer:it is the force of make object shift towards “vicinity”

  As for the definition of the graviton, to ask:

 (1a) what is the graviton? The answer generally have:

A:it is the particle of deliver gravitation (gravity), also know as graviton

B:it is a imaginary particle of deliver gravitation(now still unknown whether it really exist)

C:is matter of form gravitational wave

D:black hole is the world of pure graviton 

E:is a kind of boson, some versions of string theory can natural generate the graviton 

F:it is a kind of base wave of energy at the same time of star radiate the photon, is a hind of basic particle

G:cosmic inventory are all formative from act each other of graviton and anti-graviton

H:graviton line is the major cause of great earthquake

...........

 (2a) about the property and condition of the graviton, every kinds of description even more, still more novelty and forgetive, here be omited.


2 summary


  Clearly, graviton’s theory has been become the situation of opinions vary, if consider something as it stand, hard to leave this situation;graviton already not possess common meaning and become a word of the different writer give the different intension.

  Graviton is originate from gravitation, therefore, act as such “particle”, it ought to related with force, how to related? Through integrated survey, the conclusion is:graviton “issue attracting force-line” and does not “issue attracting force” or “deliver gravitation”.The force-line act each other can form force, this cognition can got inspire from electromagnetic phenomenon.

Whether the force is needs the “particle” doing “deliver”? if need, except the gravitation, “the other three kinds of force” also ought to need “the particle of deliver force”! whether the repulsion force needs such “particle”, in this way if space full of “all kinds of “The force transmission particles”?! 

  Therefore, relate to the problem of basic theory is:to the end how many kinds of the force? Does the force needs or not needs “particle” for deliver? 

Almost all article believe in “it have four kinds of force”:“strong force、weak force、electromagnetic force、gravitation” now.

The first, this kind of partition (divided to four kinds) no matter of “attracting、repulsion” of the force but divide 4 kinds for attracting force according to “vary in size”, the practice appear limit, like divide person into 4 kinds of old-man、adult、youth、child while ignore the distinction of men and women. The reason seems lie in, they find the difference of “three kinds of” attracting force was so large and unaccountability, and that expression of electromagnetic force was obviously unlike with “those three kinds of force”.  Upon that, take circuity strategy, admit they are “four kinds of different force”, the merit of this practice is avoided puzzle, make they feel easy;the first of the shortcoming is at the same time of easy, also relaxed make an effort with seek mechanism, the true image hard to find;the second is that “difference of big or small” serve as the according to divide “kind” is not conform to the common rule, hard to avoid inappropriate.

  Therefore, if can find the mechanism of form the difference of “three kinds of force”;if can find the reason of electromagnetic force why appear “be out of the common” , “four kinds of force ” then were like to fly-back to one kind of force! 

  Article 《L18a the “unification” of strong forces、weak force、electromagnetic force、gravitation》just achieved this, so, “graviton” were like to walk out of above mentioned situation of opinions are widely divided and make theory belong to reasonable.

Article《L04 the evolution of matter》also mentioned, through analysis, find out method “H” of the force-line and “polymerizing effect”.At the same time, through the principle of produce charge find out the essence of electromagnetic force, such quelled the demarcation line of “four kinds of attracting force”, while can clear-cut see their (four kinds of force) different of big and small in fact is the quantity difference of “acting force-line”, act as attracting force, it have one kind only. 

  So that graviton is not only couple with “gravitation”.

Therefore, graviton in this article is have great different with that “graviton” of“ different give different meaning”, no matter. 

The graviton to be the sole issuer of attracting force-line, issue attracting force-line at once can through act each other to form attracting force, the vacuum cannot do this, hence graviton itself have to be matter、possess quality (mass).

  Since “force-line act each other form force”, this get rid of add other function, force with no need for other matter handle “transmit”, no need for “Interface force particles”. 

  Among matter only form two kind of force of attracting force and repulsion force, the force is come from act each other of force-line, the natural reasoning is, act as the particle of issue two kinds of force-line:graviton、repulton exactly been two kinds of basic (elementary) particle.

  Reasoning make the look of a “true graviton” gradually clearness.


3 the condition of the true graviton



(!) To be a true “bachelordom” particle

(2) Issue attracting force-line to external 

(3) Possess quality even the size is least

(4) To be the basic (elementary) particle

(5) Impartibility

(6) Should not destroy

(7) Cannot change

(8) Through formed force participate in matter evolution

(9) Can in company with other basic particle polymerizing into all known “particle”、matter and have the reason

(10) In the nature evolution have context, can happen all matter evolution of now has been find 

(11) Everywhere of the nature all have it 

(12) The quality in the minimum

(13) The proportion is maximum

(14) The density of issued attracting force-line in the maximum, can through act each other form “all” force

(15) To be the originator of all physical phenomenon of related attracting force

(16)To be the lifelong quantum, possess constant speed 


4 about the true graviton


4.1 gravitons exist around with us 

4.1.1 “Who is the graviton”? 

See also in《L04 matter’s evolution》, graviton to be a basic particle of possess “constant speed”, been the “lifelong quantum”, but the mode of motion can change in the matter evolution :when do linear motion, it is the particle of cosmic rays;due to the attracting force-line, act as cosmic rays particle, the majority of them be able to “mate”, people fail to perceive this, be going to whole cosmic rays particle of “different energy” all regard as “a grain”, so think “cosmic rays have more than 600 kinds of particles”.Really, correct reading the “different energy” is the “different quantity”, such contribute to know the “look” of graviton.The distinct reason is, “every kinds of” cosmic rays particle all can “fission” become “another particle”, the first don’t say “become another particle” need “change”, it is the proposition of theory hard to proving, can “fission” as soon as explain that does not true “a grain”. 

  Where come from the graviton? They come from spatial stars and “supernova”.Therein, proton、neutron break up and become two kinds of basic particle fly to space, become “cosmic rays” and the electron’s source of space electric field;become the material supply source of space generate neutron、proton and atom.

That is to say, need through the overall situation of matter evolution in cosmos to treat the being and participate in evolution of graviton.

Graviton meet other graviton in the close range possible “belay” by attracting force of they formed and change to “micro vortex double star”, according to the law of conservation of energy, rotary tangent speed is equal to original linear speed and convolutional centrifugal-force less than attracting force.

“micro vortex double star” still issue more attracting force-line to external, naturally be able to continue “enlarge member’s quantity”, in the end make member’s quantity enlarge to the “micro galaxy vortex” of proton scale, why it is the proton scale and does not more large?

This is the influence of “polymerizing effect”, the members much more, the density of surplus force-line of “micro vortex galaxy” lower, when reach to proton scale, already reach to such lower and difficult to still “tie up” the graviton of fly from its side, and then the “proton scale” get stationary.This is the mechanism of proton’s quality cam uniform reach to 10-6 (10 to the power of -6) , see also in 《L04 the evolution of matter》。

Since the graviton may polymerizing become the proton, the proton to be the “base stock” of atom, if the graviton just exists in our body? Exist at our surrounding? The answer absolutely positive.

4.1.2 graviton’s quality 

  According to the article record, “the energy difference of cosmic rays reach to 1212 (10 to the power of 12)”, the maximum amount to the proton, the minimum of course should amount to “a” graviton, hence thus presumed the quality of graviton is < 10-36(10 to the power of -36)gram, here need save a little “elasticity”, mean from now on there may be find the value greater than 1012, at the time the value of graviton’s quality need do corresponding change.

In the “12 kinds of basic particle” of modern physics has been affirm, “electron neutrino” possible to be the graviton.Other those 10 kinds of “basic particle” of carry charge are all not true “a grain” but is the “micro vortex group” of graviton, how can proving this? These “basic particle” no one cannot “to divided”、 “changed”, no one does not carry “positive charge”(really they are form from gravitons, issue attracting force-line to external), no one can long-term existing, these exactly proof.

4.1.3 the condition of graviton 

  The gravitons root in proton、neutron disintegrate of nuclear reaction, this moment, the graviton of former do vortex motion in the “micro vortex galaxy” free from attracting force fly to space, due to it issue attracting force-line, can form attracting force only, not accept damping force in space, so graviton cannot change velocity, they all the time fly in high speed.Here have a problem:whether graviton can come loose to the boundless outer space? The answer is:improbable!because of if they already reach to the boundary of matter cosmos, still outward, its part attracting force-line then form attracting force with matter cosmos, this force will make it little by little “return”, front say “graviton not accept damping force”, once “cross boundary”, the “exception” will happen. 

  Upon that, it constant have the track of cosmic rays particle in the cosmic space, this situation never change.above was the condition of the graviton of depart from proton、neutron.

  The another condition of graviton is in the inner of proton、neutron, they still like that have high “linear speed”, does not make linear motion but do circumnutation, so far there’s not many people understand this condition, this is the reason of physical field ignore the law of conservation of energy.So without end of explain “where come from the atomic energy” in turn seek help with “quality change to energy”, let basic theory make things worse by repeated delays, up to “what is matter” to change into “difficult problem”.

4.1.4 the movement velocity of graviton

  How much magnitude of “constant speed” of the graviton? Now still cannot bring up accurate value, “it is stated that” be the light velocity, only need inspect and verify, because of now have a tendency, to use light velocity as the “velocity’s upper limit”, this actually lack of mechanism.Through accurate measurement for proton、neutron generated energy in the nuclear reaction can get this data, the nuclear reaction make proton、neutron break up, basic particle leave “volution” into space with their convolutional speed V, its kinetic energy is E=1/2MV2,the quality of proton was known, to measured atomic energy E at once can work out speed V , such as, some put forward, “the energy equation has been gat accurate proving”, mean equation E=MC2 was correct.If it is verified, mean 1/2 MV2=MC2(square) , or V=1,414 C

4.1.5 the context of graviton 

  Come to see from whole situation of matter evolutional loop, “every-things” include about 100 kinds of materials form from the different element, attracting force dominate make whole matter on the whole trend “polymerizing”, from little to big.The “evolution activity” by the graviton alone come forward is in original “microcosmic” state, namely, begin from two graviton polymerizing become “micro vortex galaxy”, until “micro vortex galaxy” possess proton scale.Later evolution, proton act as “a unit”, it similar a large chorus of have numerous members of gravitons, people certainly see much clearer for every member of the chorus, but they up to now does not see clear the inner of proton, hence opinions vary, even also cannot understand the huge kinetic energy contains in its inner.

  The graviton of possess speed does objective reality in space to be the specific details of objective reality of nature matter, investigate its motion、evolution is the research work.At every link of evolution, all can find its context, but to the main point of “objective reality”, people need admit and cannot ask “where come from the gravitons among cosmos”, the answer can but to be “come from the whence ” of irrelevant answer mode.These class of natural basic existing, in-exist “why”.

4.1.6 striking wording 

  Now not a few people feel puzzle for cannot find the graviton, not a few people still think “the graviton not have quality”, if to put forward: “graviton exist in every where, it have tens of kilo gram in our body ”! Whether it is make one inconceivable?

  But, this just true, because proton is component by gravitons, neutron to be component by graviton、repulton, atom、molecule to be component by proton、neutron、electron (repulton), cell to be component by molecule, human body to be component by cell. 

4.2 how size for graviton 

  The given size of atom in 10-8 (10 to the power of -8) CM, if the size of proton in the atom similar with the sun in the solar system, the star about apart for 10—100 light year, there-out, the diameter of proton about 10-16CM (10 to the power of -16), if the situation of graviton in the proton is similar, estimate its size about 10-24(10 to the power of -24) CM. 


4.3 The shape of the graviton 

 “Particle’s” general shape is sphere, because of it issue force-line, form force, hence would happen acting force towards external, if does not sphere, force-line will asymmetric and un-uniformity, the interaction then difficult to stable, 

 Here would like repeat again, there are only two kinds of true “particle” of the graviton and repulton in the cosmos, before more confirm, suppose they are sphere is rather credible than other shape.Even so, still need test confirm in future.

4.4 the “color”、“temperature” of the graviton 

  Does graviton possess the color? Ans.:Colourless and transparent.What is the reason? The reason is, color is decided from the wave length of the electric wave of radiation、reflection、perspective、refraction of atom、molecule, the “particle” of less than atom、molecule would not possess this ability, cannot make some one or instrument generate “color” feeling;moreover, its size is far less than half wave length of the light wave, unable reflex the light wave, so appear transparent, cannot see it for optical method.

  Does graviton possess the temperature? Ans.:graviton not to matter the temperature, the temperature is the description of spread the shock energy of outer sphere electron of atom、molecule to external, the “particle” of not outer sphere electron、“micro vortex galaxy” and the alone basic particle_——graviton、repulton——are all not possess this physical quantity of “temperature”. 

  Whether the gravitons have electric charge? To this, need shelve the humanity influence, understand the substance of electric charge.“Electric charge” in truth to be show up of the force-line unusual phenomenon of the quantity of atom’s outer electron more than or less than “normal quantity”.   For example of “charging by friction”, when two insulant to rub each other, now, the outer electron mutual drive, the part of outer shell certainly will happen the phenomenon of electron leaning much or leaning less, the electron of “much” is come from “less” there by drive.The material insulate make this phenomenon can keep longer time.

 How will about for the density of atom’s peripheral electron leaning much? Absolutely was issue more attracting force-line than normal;How will about for the density of atom’s peripheral electron leaning less? The outer space cannot well seal, hence nuclear attracting force-line escape from “leaning less” locate. 

  The former be defined as “carry negative charge” be people, the later be defined as “carry positive charge”.

  The particle of “carry negative charge” or matter form repulsion mutual is a matter of course, people call “the same sex repel in the contrary”, the problem is, the particle of “carry positive charge” or matter but “the same sex attract each other”! 

  In the past, believe in “The different sex attract each other, the same sex repel in the contrary”.Raise “The force transmission particles” for mutual attract of the particle of “carry positive charge” or matter, to say because of it have “The force transmission particles” in the inner of atom so proton was “ankylose” by them. 

  Start off from force-line look on the action of micro particle as soon as rather distinct, it not bear the influence of overdoing humanity, thus fit to the physical reality.

  In that graviton issue attracting force-line to external, so to say it “carry positive charge” did not cannot, but, should not at will quote Humanized “homosexual、heterosexual ”, once quoted, then may fault in theory.

4.5 the noun graviton 

Graviton is the basic particle of issue attracting force-line, article《“Unification” of the forces》related that is “polymerizing effect” make attraction formed huge difference of quantity, so far people in mistake for it exist four “different kinds” of attractions (or four kinds of force),according to the viewpoint of 《“Unification” of the forces》, it have one kind of “attraction” only and not “4 kinds”. 

The noun graviton nothing is wrong with Chinese, the meaning of “attraction” irrespective to “kind”.


4.6 about English noun graviton 

It’s no big deal find out, the relevance for English noun “graviton” and “gravitation” (gravity), and that in this article, graviton relate to attraction cover all “four kinds ” of force, the speech of English graviton seems may use “attracton”, however, since the Chinese physics has been removed the limit of “four kinds of force ”, still use graviton as soon as be no problem at all.


5 the brief summary about graviton



1 the graviton to be the basic particle of agglomerate “our cosmos”, in synergy with other basic particle repulton (electron),so that atom、molecule、every kinds of element、mixed matter can form. 

2 nature does not exist the third kind of true particle, also not exist third kind of true basic particle.

3 the graviton have two kinds of motion method:cyclotron motion and linear motion (its kinetic energy mean the nuclear energy ), change the formal to the latter is the way of make use of the nuclear energy, any proton be all have this nuclear energy, it does not be limited to the “radioactive element”. 

4 the graviton so far away、be close at hand, present short of the instrument for find out it, but may rely on reasoning for understand its ubiquitous.

5 currently, though graviton’s theory is dazzled, but through checkout with “mechanism”、“natural law”、“logic”,only the particle of possess quality、possess kinetic energy、to be the true a grain、issue attracting force line、the context is reasonable、can polymerize to “all other‘particle’、proton、neutron、atom” and cosmic inventory ability can be the true graviton.