L31  电与磁的性别  

                                                           陈理士  

提要 本文透过人文影响讨论电磁领域“正、负”“同性、异性”的实质

关键词 同性 异性 正电荷 负电荷

(text in English see the rear)

1 用性别比拟电荷性质的妥与不妥

　　“同性相斥、异性相吸”是物理学有关电磁作用力的不成文“规定”，此“规定”因为使用了人性化描述而简洁、生动，使人们一经得知便难忘。这类物理术语返回人文领域，丰富了语汇内涵。但人们似乎也忽视了进一步追问为什么会“同性相斥”“异性相吸”？这些术语的物理含义是什么？相吸与相斥的机理又是什么？

　　“规定”所处地位不同于“规律”，“规律”反映了自然界的客观存在，“规定”则带主观因素。电磁的“阴阳、正负、NS”毕竟同人的性别相去甚远。心理学、生理学等学科有望支持“相吸”“相斥”的说法；而对于物理学，电的正负，电磁的吸与斥，需要机理支持，需要回答：“异性相吸”“同性相斥”的机理何在？

　　 与此类似的还有一些 “规则”：“导线切割磁力线能发电”、“右手定则”等，这些规则描述了发电的现象，需要回答：导线切割磁力线为什么能发电？其理何在？电流在线圈内流动为何产生力？时间一长，这些似乎都不成问题，人们毫不怀疑其正确性，不意中成为“规定”。

　　对于带负电荷的电子或“粒子”之间的“同性相斥”，回答似乎比较容易，作为基本粒子的电子发出斥力线，电子和电子之间，斥力线相互作用，生成斥力（F2），于是，“带负电荷”的粒子或物体间存在斥力。这里，用“同性相斥”描述并无不妥。

可是“同性”并不尽然“相斥”，两枚质子当然是“同性”，但它们非但不相斥，而且很难分离。如果不从机理上分析透，只能有两种说法，一是说存在一种“胶子”将它们“胶住了”；二是说它们“同性相吸”了! 当人文观点难以舍弃时，“胶子”理论显得“可信”，不过“胶子”也使基础理论发生困惑，要使人相信存在一个没有质量却能发出强大引力的“粒子”不那么容易。通过力线及其作用分析可知，没有质量就没有力线；相互作用使剩余力线密度改变，即使真的有一枚“胶子”它也不可能任意的改变“胶住力”。

　　质子之间为什么“相吸”？这涉及基础理论，只有正确的基础理论才能使其理能圆，为此，需要进入新的物理空间。

　　论文L01——L04（《粒子今论》、《空间概论》、《时间亦论》、《物质演变》）钩画了这一物理基础理论的轮廓。

　　真正的基本粒子只有引力子与斥力子——电子——两种，也只有它倆才是真正的粒子，目前已经命名的名目繁多的“粒子”，其实乃是“复数基本粒子”，而且是引力子的“复数”，受“聚合效应”制约，他们当中最大的 是质子、中子。所以，那些形形色色的“粒子”，其中真正存在的“粒子”，毫无例外地都是“复数粒子”。 

　 引力子发出引力线，在聚合中部分引力线——作用力线——相互作用产生引力 (F1),剩余的引力线依然向外伸出。聚合规模越大，剩余引力线比例越小但是恒>0 ，这是宇宙间物质总体上趋于聚合的动力所在。

　于是，质子之间“相吸”而不是“同性相斥”有其机理，实际上是引力线相互作用产生了引力所致。由此看到了用“性”比拟粒子行为的局限和不圆满之处。

基于力线作用的分析，可以透过人性化的局限认识事件的物理意义。所以，既没有必要拒绝使用人性化描述，但也不应将这种描述视为“规定”甚至规律，不能放弃对于机理的寻求。

　 质子“相吸”这一事实反映了人性化比拟有其“过当”之处，需要追寻物理意义。但是，“胶子理论”的出现则说明对“性别比拟”的不捨，意思是，‘在质子中，引力子还是“同性相斥”的，由于有胶子将它们胶住了，才不分散’。这种“拆东补西”的做法在堵漏同时，却产生新破绽和新一轮“拆补”循环，向务实的物理学塞进了虚幻成分。从理论上无法证明粒子可以“质量为零”、不发出力线而又能将其它粒子“胶住”，无此机理。

　现代粒子理论迄今未能正确理会到引力基本粒子——引力子——的存在。基本粒子是基础物理的重要成员，用抽象数学的语言：“是物理空间诸元中的一元”，现代物理基础理论的人为复杂化已经产生了“12 种基本粒子”，还有不算基本粒子又离不开“基本粒子”的几种“传力粒子”，而且不能肯定不会再出现“新基本粒子”。

　　但在陈理士物理中，基本粒子只有两种，即引力子与斥力子，其中斥力子就是电子，但比现在物理中质量为10的负28次方（克）的电子小许多（质量为10-36克），理由是：氢原子外围不可能只有一枚电子，必须有“许多枚”才能封闭其空间，使质子的引力线不大量外泄因而获得电磁中性并有可能进行布朗运动。

引力子是发出引力线的基本粒子，迄今将发出引力线的任何规模的“粒子”定义为“带正电荷”甚至与“正电子”——其实不存在此“粒子”——相关联，引力子是两种基本粒子之一。

既然没有理会到它的存在，只能创造出“胶子”来解释微观引力现象，这一睿智举措与真实失之交臂。两种基本粒子的观点在《L01 粒子今论》中开始出现，以后也有进一步叙述。

　 引力子发出引力线，它们之间当然形成引力，被人们称为“强作用力”，于是成了所有“带正电荷粒子”都“同性相吸”！

　 在电荷方面，迄今理论中使用性别比拟乃是正误参半，得失共存。如果将人性化比拟误以为真，当然会衍生不正确“理论”。

2 电磁引力与斥力的实质　“同性相斥、异性相吸”是客观规律吗？否！

　不论电还是磁，其表现都是“力”， 力从何来？力来自力线相互作用。力线如何相互作用？

由实践中归纳出：

（1）引力线与引力线作用产生引力，记为F1

（2）斥力线与斥力线作用产生斥力，记为F2

（3）引力线与斥力线作用产生引力，记为F3 但 F3< F1

　　力线从何而来？来自两种基本粒子。上面说过，引力子发出引力线；斥力子发出斥力线。这是两种基本粒子的“天性”。 

若问基本粒子为何发出力线？或问引力子为何发出引力线？回答是：“客观存在”或“自然现象”。

　“自然界只有两种基本粒子”这种需要人们承认的客观自然现象并不算多，当今物理基础理论倒是大大复杂化了，例如：基本粒子已有12种，还有“介力粒子”，它们既不是基本粒子，又不能推到基本粒子之外。复杂的结果自然是理论出现不圆满，离开了真实。

　回到主题，需要的是以并不复杂的自然现象为基础去解释其它显示复杂的物理现象。如： 电的引力与斥力的实质何在？磁引力与磁斥力实质何在？

　 电荷的力现象可以从“摩擦生电”开始考察，两个绝缘材料相互摩擦的实质是材料外层电子相互驱赶，使被摩擦局部原子的电子层数量改变，形成暂时“偏多”或“偏少”，这就是“负电荷”或“正电荷”，由此可见，经过摩擦后，某些原子外层电子数量“失常”。对于绝缘材料“失常”可以较长时间保留。

　　如果“偏少”，该原子内部的引力线不能良好密封（原先电子数量足够与核内引力线形成F3力，剩余引力线很少），外泄引力线增加，成为形成F1 力与F3力的“一方”，所以，质子可以看作是“完全失去了外层电子的氢原子”，因此，两枚质子，尽管将其比拟为“同性”，但是，它们相吸而不是相斥就理所当然。

　　如果“偏多”，两个带负电荷的纸屑“相斥”的实质是“偏多”的电子间的F3力所起的作用，人们侭可以用“同性相斥”加以比拟，却不能将其更多的与性联系在一起甚至开拓为电磁现象服从人性规则，因为，F1、F3力的由来，已经探到了物理实质，所用比拟，只能与之相洽，不能相悖。

这里能够看出：

（1a）摩擦产生的负电荷数量等于正电荷数量，是严格的“对称”，是“绝对相等”

(2a) 电荷的斥力是电子（斥力子）发出的斥力线相互作用产生的F2力，并非另有其力， 斥力的大小由作用斥力线数量决定

（3a）不涉及“其它粒子”诸如“正电子”之类

　　再看磁力，正常原子外层电子无序回转，它的“天空中”电子分布动态地保持均匀，能使质子发出的各方向力线得到“作用”而原子显示“电磁中性”，如果部分外层电子回转方向有序，有了“两极”，从电子分布减少的方向泄出引力线便不可避免，这是磁铁“吸铁”的原因。

　　如果两枚磁铁“异极相对”，“有序电流”方向相同，不产生力，只有双方引力线作用，产生引力，于是“异性相吸”； 两枚磁铁“同极相对”，虽然同样产生上述引力，但是，其“有序电流”方向相反，相互推拒，形成斥力，而且斥力大于引力，于是“同性相斥”，这是机理所在。

　 可见，从力线和力的角度，能对电力、磁力认识得比较清楚，这里也可看出，“电力”、“磁力”并无实质区别，不同的两种力线是引力线与斥力线，不同的两种力是引力与斥力，至于“电引力”与“磁引力”只是发生的场合不同，“力线”与“力”并无两样。

两种力线，它们相互作用形成两种力：引力F1、F3和斥力F2。这是电磁领域形成力的物理实质，任何描述，需要与之相洽。

至此，可以看出，电磁理论中的“同性相斥”“异性相吸”是过分人性化的结果，“同性”的“性”乃是人为假定的，当人们在电荷现象中观察到电子的“相斥”时，并没有进一步从力线作用产生力的角度探明为何“相斥”，而是方便地引用了人们容易接受的“同性相斥”，这一“理论”果然容易深入人心，且令人终生难忘。直至发现质子在原子里难以分开才感到存在问题，为此，创造了“胶子、玻色子”等“传力粒子”，它们既然是凭空创造的就只能“质量= 0”，不再进一步追问下去也就“有交代”了。但是，对于物理学，任何“质量= 0”便等于真空，真空就不能具有物质方能具有的任何性质。

因此，质子在原子中“相吸”乃是它们“本性如此”，如上所述，质子发出引力线，两枚质子的力线当然相互作用形成F1力，如果热衷于人性化，它们只能是“同性相吸”！

文章中比拟适当的人性化描述是有益的，能使文章生动，但也需要找到机理作为支撑，将此类描述上升为“规律”则需要从理论分析到实际验证，持之以稳，避免“失之毫厘”。

所以，在电磁领域，虽然存在“同性相斥、异性相吸”现象，但并不是客观规律，也存在“同性相吸”现象，需要具体分析，从力线相互作用角度看待力的生成。

3 “同性相吸”的反思

3.1 比拟与定律之别

　除了电磁现象使用性别作为比拟之外，物理学理论中人性化的影响还有不少，但是，将它们上升为“规定”、“规则”则需要十分慎重，比拟的应用属于“个案”性质，不能任意开拓，否则，此类使用与开拓，难免陷入误境。新近的著名比拟是将质子比成“牛皮筋”，从而有了“渐进自由”与“渐进束缚”的“理论”，此比拟的不当在于：原子由两种基本粒子组成，与质子由一种基本粒子聚合而成在作用力方面有所不同。由于F2力的参与，牛皮筋、弹簧可以“越拉越紧”，但是，质子仅由引力子组成，只能“越拉越松”。

　　质子的内部作用力，需要从力线角度加以分析，对此将另文（《L38 渐进自由与渐进束缚？》）加以叙述。

　　问题在于，比拟与被比拟事件之间的主要特征需要相似，“同性相斥”在电子之间应用可以，推广到引力子、质子就不当。由于误以为“应当合适”，于是创造了“胶子”，这似乎解决了“难题”，实际上是在失误的基础上发生的“二代失误”，必然衍生新的“问题”与“困难”。 

3.2 理不可缺

　　有一些不当说法似乎已经或曾经被认为近乎“定律”，如“宇称守恒”、“宇称不守恒”、“质量不是不可变”等，至于对于电磁的人性化比拟也近乎“规定”，现在，这类“理论”有增无已，它们的共同特点是欠缺机理，“质量变能量”似乎已经是“客观存在”的“自然现象”而毋庸置疑，这恰恰也是一种失误。

　自然界客观存在的乃是“运动的物体”，这可以分解为“物质不灭”和“能量不灭”两项基础定律。应当认识到，这是不应置疑的客观存在，对此不需要提问“为什么”、“机理何在”等问题，只能予以承认。其它所有自然现象，一律存在机理，一律可以问“为什么”，物理学从来就以回答这些为什么为己任。

　100年前，当有人提出“质量不是不可变”时，这一违反基础规律的“理论”理当受到质疑，理当追问“质量可变”的机理。在不问“怎样变”、“何以变”的情况下，迄今已经“变”到了“(宇宙大爆炸前)现在宇宙中的全部物质压缩在一个理论的点里”的梦幻程度，这一理论失误的结果是，如今，“什么是物质”已经成为物理学11 道重大难题的第一道！

　　许多理论欠缺机理支持，如：“光的引力弯曲、引力红移”，为什么？“运动方向物体长度缩短”，为什么？“宇称守恒、宇称不守恒”，为什么？“渐进自由”，机理何在？等等。

　物理学的（Physics）中文词义“物”（matter）“理”（mechanism）侧重在“于物求理”，如果现代物理基础理论出自循名责实的中国学术界，估计不会让理缺得这么多。

　 理论一旦欠缺了“理”，只剩下“论”，可置信度便大大下降。

正确理论必定有机理支持，必定符合自然规律，缺少机理、一直找不到机理甚至违反规律，应当相信是误论。

　迄今，除了在电磁领域采用的“正负、阴阳”描述之外，对“量子动力学”用“色”、“味”

作定语也已惯见；显然，重要的是，其机理何在，物理实质何在。

3.3 慎重开拓

　　质子相互吸引对于人性化的电磁理论是一则悖论，问题的原因自然从后者中寻找，“悖”来自“同性相斥”向“异性相吸”开拓，这里的开拓为什么不可以呢？上面说过，人性化比拟只能是个案个别处理，不能由此及彼。

　附带看到，物理理论中的开拓有些已经非常离谱，

如：（1b）客观存在的3维空间不断开拓，最多已达到21维！

（2b）自然界存在对称机制、对称事物，也同时存在不对称机制与不对称事物；在漠视后者的情况下，开拓了“对称原理”，于是出现“反粒子”、“反物质”、“反宇宙”

（3b）“质量可变”的开拓达到了上述“现存全部宇宙间的质量在宇宙大爆炸前被压缩在一个理论的点里”等等

　　如此离开规律和机理的离奇开拓，怎能形成正确理论。

4 结束语

　　从电磁理论的人性化影响中看出，这类描述不能代替机理，除了自然界的基本客观存在需要承认不能回答“为什么”外，任何物理现象都有理可循也有理可寻。物理理论不能离开“机理”。

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L31

The gender of the electricity and magnetism

S. G. Chinese

Abstract the text permeate the influence of mankind culture to discuss the substance of “positive、negative” “homogeneity 、 opposite sex ”of electromagnetic domain

Key words homogeneity opposite sex positive charge negative charge

1 proper or not proper of use gender compare charge properties 

　　“The different sex attract each other, the same sex repel in the contrary.” Was physics “provision” of unofficial about electromagnetism acting-force, this “provision” on account of use humanity describe moreover concise、vivid, make they once know then unforgettable． 

　　This class of physical terms return humanity field, would rich vocabulary connotation．But they seem also ignored more question closely for why is it that be able to “The different sex attract each other” “the same sex repel in the contrary”? What does the mechanism for attract and repel?

　　The locate position of “provision” be differ from “law”, “law” reflect objective reality of natural, “provision” be bring subjective factor．Electromagnetic “male and female、plus-minus、N-S” after all was quite at odds with sex of person．Psychology、physiology and so on sciences be expected to support the statement of “attract each other” “repel each other”；and that for physics, the plus-minus of electric, attract-repel of electromagnetic, need support of mechanism, need answer：where is the mechanism of “The different sex attract each other” “the same sex repel in the contrary”? 

　　Like this still have some “regulation”：“ the wire incise magnetic line can generate electricity”、“right-hand rule” and so on, these regulation described electric phenomenon, need to answer：why can generate electricity when wire incise magnetic line of force? Where is the mechanism? Why generate force when current flow in coil? Follow time get pass, all these seem be out of question, people make no doubt of its exactness, unexpectedly become “provision”．

　　For “the same sex repel in the contrary” between electrons of carry negative charge or “particle”, answer seem relatively easy, electron serve as basic particle it issue repulsion force-line, between electrons, repulsion force-line act each other, generate repulsion force (F2), therefore, between particle or object of carry negative charge exist repulsion force．Here describe with “the same sex repel in the contrary” not have improper． 

　　But, “the same sex does not all repel in the contrary”, two protons absolutely be the same sex, but they far from repel each other, and that hardly to separated．If not analyze clear from the reason, it only can have two kinds of statements, the one is exist a kind of “gluon” “stick” them；the second is they “the same sex attract each other ” ! when difficult to abandon humanity viewpoint, “gluon” theory seem “”credibility”, however “gluon” also make basic theory happen puzzle, it not very easy to make people believe in exist a “particle” of none quality but can issue strong attracting force．　　　　Through force-line and its effect can know, none quality as soon as none force-line；interaction make density of surplus force-line get change, even really exist a “gluon”, it cannot randomly change its “stick force”． 

　　Why happen “attract each other” between protons? This relate basic theory, only correct basic theory can but make its reason get satisfactory, for this reason, need enter into new physical space．

　　Thesis L01——L04(《L01 modern opinion about particle》、《L02 Outline to space》、《L03 also discuss about time》、《L04 development of matter》) described this outline of physical basic theory． 

　 True basic particle only two kinds of graviton and repulton——electron, also only they was true particle, currently has been named a multitude of names “particle”, actually to be the “plural basic particle”, and that was the “plural” of graviton, to restrict from “polymerizing effect”, between them the maximum was proton 、neutron．Therefore, those mixed “particle”, among they the really existing “particle”, are all “plural particle” without exception．

　　Graviton issue attracting force-line, in polymerizing part attracting force-line——acting force-line——act each other produce attracting force (F1), remain attracting force-line still stretch out toward external．More large the polymerizing scale, more little the ratio of remain attracting force-line but lasting large than zero, this is power location of matter as a whole verge to polymerizing．

　Upon that, there have the reason of between protons it is “attract each other” and not “the same sex repel in the contrary”, in practices be cause by to be attracting force-line act each other produce attracting force．Thus catch sight of the limit and not perfect part of use “sex” assimilate particle action． 

　　Base on analysis of acting of force-line, can showing through the limit of humanity meet event’s physical significance．Therefore, since no need for refuse make use of humanity describing, but nor should see this describing as “provision” even law, should not abandon to seek fore mechanism． 

　　This fact of proton’s “mutual attract” reflected humanity analogy have its point of “excessive”, need search physical significance．But arise of “gluon theory” explain won’t give up “sex analogy”, mean, ‘in proton gravitons still “the same sex repel in the contrary”, due to gluon anchylose they, can but keep together’．This practice of “rob Peter to pay Paul” at the same time of stop a leak, yet produce new burst seam and new circulate of “pull down、repair”, towards practical physics pile in unreal composition．Be unable to proving particle can “quality equal to zero”、not issue force-line and also can “anchylose” other particle, without this mechanism．

　　To today modern physics fail to right understand the being of attracting basic particle——graviton．The basic particle is the important member of basic physics, to use the language of abstract math：“to be an element of elements of physical space”, basic theory of modern physics of artificial complicate already produced “12 kinds of basic particles”, also some kinds of “power transmission particles” of doesn’t count and can’t do without “basic particle”, and unable affirm will not reappear “new basic particles”． 

　　But in Chinese physics, it have two kinds of basic particles only, mean graviton and repulton, among them repulton quite right electron, but its quality much little (10 to the power of -36 gram) than 10 to the power of -28 gram of now physics, the reason is：the periphery of hydrogen atom no way only have one electron, should have “many” can but seal up its space, make attracting force-line of proton not escape in quantity and get electromagnetic neuter and possible process Brownian motion． 

　　Graviton is the basic particle of issue attracting force-line, up to now define any “particle” of sent attracting force-line for “carry positive charge” even associated with “positron”——actually absent this “particle”, graviton is one of two kinds of basic particles．

　　Since not have understand its existence, can but create “gluon” to explain the phenomenon of micro attracting force, this sagacity behave narrowly miss an opportunity with truth．The viewpoint of two kinds of basic particle begin appear in《L01 modern opinion about particle》， later also have more related．

Gravitons sent out attracting force-line, between them certainly form attracting force, they called “strong force”, hence become whole “particle of carry positive charge” all “same sex attract each other”!

　　At aspect of charge, up to now use sex analogy in theory to be right and wrong at half and half, gain and loss coexisting．If in mistake for humanity analogy to be truth, surely be able to derive wrong “theory”．

2 substance of Electromagnetism attraction and repulsion

　　No matter electricity or magnetism, its expression all the “force”, where come from the force? Force come from force-line act each other．How the force-line act each other? Summarize from practice：

（1）attracting force-line act with attracting force-line produce attracting force, write down for F1

（2）repulsion force-line act with repulsion force-line produce repulsion force, write down for F2

（3）attracting force-line act with repulsion force-line produce attracting force , write down for F3, but F3< F1 

　　Where come from the force-line? it come from basic particle．Above has been persuaded, graviton issue attracting force-line；repulton issue repulsion force-line．This is “inborn” of two kinds of basic particle．

As if ask why basic particle should issue force-line? Or ask why graviton issue attracting force-line? the answer is：“objective reality” or “natural phenomenon”．

　　“natural world only have two kinds of basic particle”, this objective natural phenomenon of need folk approbatory does not much, now physical basic theory result in greatly complicated, such as：already have 12 kinds of basic particles, also “particles of transfer force ”, they neither basic particle, nor can push they besides of basic particle．complicated result of course was theory appear don’t perfect, leave of reality．

　　Return to theme, the needed is use don’t complicated natural phenomenon to explain other physical phenomenon of appear complicate．Such as：what is the substance of electric attracting force and repulsion force? What is the substance of magnetic attracting force and magnetic repulsion force? 

　　The force phenomenon of charge may begin investigate from “charging by friction”, the substance of two electrical insulating materials rub each other was drive each other of their electrons of outer sphere, make quantity change of atom’s electronic shell of the suffer rub part, form temporary “prejudiced much” or “prejudiced few” , this just “positive charge” “negative charge”, from this, after rub, some atoms are “out of gear” of outer electron’s quantity．For electrical insulating material “out of gear” can keep for longer time． 

　　If it is “leaning few”, gravitation of the inner of this atom cannot well sealed (original quantity of electrons enough to form attracting fore F3 with attracting force-line of nuclear inner, surplus attracting force-line was very few ), escape attracting force-line get added, become “one side” of form force F1 and F3, so, proton may regard as “hydrogen atom of completely loss outer electrons”, therefore, two protons, although analogy them for “homosexual”, but, they attract each other and does not repulsion each other engage in of course．

　　If it is “leaning much”, the substance of “repulsion each other” of two scraps of paper which carry positive charge is react of force F3 of between “leaning much” electrons, they can give analogy with “the same sex repel in the contrary”, but can’t more link together with sex even open up to electromagnetic phenomenon submit to humanity rule．Because, the origin of force F1、F3，has been get physical substance, use analogy, can but be in harmony with it, can not be in the contrary with it． 

　　Here can see：

(1a) the quantity of negative charge of fricative equal to the quantity of positive charge, be the strict “symmetry”, “absolute equal”

(2a) the repulsion force of charge was force F2 form from repulsion force-line act each other issued by electron (repulton), really not have another force, big or small of repulsion force decide to the quantity of act force-line

(3a) not relate to “other particle” such as “positron” and so on 

To take care of magnetic force, outer electrons of normal atom to be rotation in disorder, in its “sky” electron distribution keep dynamically uniformity, can make force-line of each direction which issued from proton get “action” and atom appear “electromagnetic neutrality”, if rotation direction of part outer electrons in order, existed “two-poles”, then inevitable spill attracting force-line from direction of reduced electron issued, this is the reason of magnet “absorb iron”．

　　If two magnet “face to face with different-polar”, the direction of “ordered current” in the same, not produce force for this, only both attracting force-line act each other, to cause attracting force, upon that “The different sex attract each other”； If two magnet “face to face with the same polar”, although similar cause above attracting force, but , that “ordered current” in the opposite direction, refuse each other, form repulsion force, and repulsion force large than attracting force, so “the same sex repel in the contrary”, this is the location of mechanism．

　　Visible, from the angle of force-line and force, can know electric power and magnetic force rather clear, here also may see, “electric power”、“ magnetic force” none different in substance, the different two kinds of force-line to be attracting force-line and repulsion force-line, two kinds of different force to be attracting force and repulsion force, as for “electric attracting force” and “magnetic attracting force” only different in situation of generate, does not different in “force-line” and “force”． 

　　Two kinds of force-line, they act each other to form two kinds of force：attracting force F1、F3 and repulsion force F2．This is the physical substance of form force in electromagnetic field, any description, need be in harmony with this．

3 The Introspection of “the same sex attract each other” 

3.1 the distinction of analogy and law

　　Except electromagnetic phenomenon use sex serve as analogy, still not a few humanity influence in physical theory, but, give those rise for “provision”、“regulation” be need very careful, apply analogy belong to the property of “individual cases”, cannot arbitrarily open up, if not, these use and open up, hard to avoid get into error field．Recent famous analogy is about to proton as “rubber band”, thus to have theory of “asymptotic freedom” and “Gradual bound”, the improper of this analogy lie in：atom make up from two kinds of basic particle, some what different in acting force side with proton which polymerizing from one kind of basic particle．due to F2 have a hand in, rubber band 、spring may “more drew tight”, but, proton only make up from gravitons, can but “more drew relaxing ”． 

　　The inner acting force of proton, to analyze it need from the angle of force-line, withal be going to narrate by another text 《L38“progress step by step to free” and “progress step by step to tie ”？》．

　　The question is that, the principal character of analogy and assimilated event need similarity, “the same sex repel in the contrary” may apply between electron, popularize to graviton、proton engage in improper．Due to in mistake for “ought to appropriate”, hence created “gluon”, this seem solved “difficult problem”, in effect to be occurred the “second fault” on the fault base, certainly derive new “problem” and “difficulty”． 

3.2 cannot be short of reason 

　　Some improper statement seems already or ever be deemed to near “established law”, such as：“conservation of parity”、“non-conservation of parity”、“quality does not un-change” and so on, go so far as to the humanity analogy of electromagnetic also near “provision”, modern, this kind of theory increased non end, their common character is short of reason, “quality change to energy” it seems already to be the “phenomena of nature ”of “objective reality” and beyond question, this just to be a kind of fault． 

　　The objective existing of nature was “sportive object”, this may be resolve to two basic law of “conservation of matter” and “conservation of energy”．Ought to understand, this is the objective existing of ought not doubt, to this not need quiz “why”、“wherein the reason” and so on problem, can but give admitting．Other all natural phenomena, uniformly exist of mechanism, uniformly may ask “why”, the physics just all along engage in reply these why as own duty． 　 

　　100 years ago, when someone raise “quality does not change”, this theory of violate basic regular should suffer question, should make a detailed inquiry for reason of “quality variable”．under the condition of pay no attention to “how change”、“why change”, up to now has been “change” to the dream degree of “（before big bang）whole matter of present cosmos compress in a theoretic point”, the result of this theory fault is, nowadays, “what is matter” already become the first problem of 11 great physical difficult problem!

Many theory be short of support from theory, such as：“light’s gravitational bend、gravitational red shift”, why? “the length of motion object get curtail at motion direction ”, why? “conservation of parity、non-conservation of parity”, why? “progress step by step to free、progress step by step to tie” why? Etc．

　　In the meaning of a word of Chinese of physics was “matter” and “mechanism” lay particular emphasis on “find mechanism、reason for matter”, if modern physical basic theory come from Chinese academia of expect the reality to correspond to the name, estimate will not allow the reason lack so much． 

　　Once theory lack of “reason or mechanism”, only remain “discussion”, its confidence then greatly drop．

　Correct theory be sure to have support of mechanism, be sure to accord with laws of nature, if lack of mechanism、at all time cannot find mechanism even contrary to natural law, should believe in it is error theory，

Until now, except in electromagnetic field describe to use “plus-minus、male-female”, in “quantum dynamics” use “color”、“taste” act as the attribute also used to see；clearly, it is important, what is its mechanism, what is its physical substance．

3.3 be careful in open up 

　　Protons attract each other be a paradox to the humanity electromagnetic theory, the reason of problem of course should find from the latter, “perverse” come from “the same sex repel in the contrary” open up to “The different sex attract each other”, why may not open up here? Above said, humanity analogy only be individual dispose in individual cases, cannot proceed from the one to the other． 

　　To be bundled in sight, some open up in physical theory field already very overset, as：

（1b）the 3 dimension space of objective existing get ceaseless open up, the maximum has been reach to 21 dimension！

（2b）natural world existing symmetrical mechanism、symmetrical things, also coexisting asymmetrical mechanism、asymmetrical things；under the condition of ignore the later, opened up the “symmetry principle”, hence arise “anti-particle”、“antimatter”、“anti-universe”

（3b） open up of “quality changeable ” reach to above “before big bang whole matter of cosmos all pressed in a theoretical point ” etc

　Such weirdness open up of leave law and mechanism, how can form correct theory．

4 end credits 

　 From humanity influence of electromagnetic theory find out, this kind of describe cannot replace mechanism, in addition of the basic objective existing of nature need admit and cannot answer “why”, any physical phenomenon all have rational to follow and have mechanism to find．Physical theory cannot leave “mechanism”．