L28aa

真正基本粒子

陈理士 

摘要 　　陈理士物理发现，当今的“基本粒子”多半不是“真正基本粒子”；已经命名的各种“粒子”绝大部分不是“真正粒子”而是粒子的“复数”，本文提出仅有引力子、斥力子符合基本粒子条件，它们是自然界仅有的两种真正的粒子。

　　关键词　　基本粒子　　真正基本粒子　　真正粒子　　永恒量子 　引力子　斥力子

1　概说

　　什么样的粒子是基本粒子？基本粒子共有多少种？这是有关基本粒子的理论需要首先回答的两个问题，也是当今粒子理论的两个难题，《L01 粒子今论》一文曾经论述过，基本粒子只有两种，但在当前粒子理论认为基本粒子有12、62乃至300余种的情况下，对此，有必要阐明机理，洽于规律，建立没有“问题”、不存在“困难”的粒子理论。

2　现况

　　当今有“12种基本粒子”、“62种基本粒子”、“>300种基本粒子”三种理论，在“12种基本粒子”中 ：

　（1）正式基本粒子有12种，还有若干种“传力粒子”、和所有这些粒子的“镜像粒子”，

　　这12种，除电子外，分为三组，每组出一枚成员，共同“组成”一枚质子

　（2）“质量可变”，粒子质量可以“湮灭”，即所谓“质湮”

　（3）粒子“对称”，有某粒子就有它的“镜像粒子”

　（4）“粒子可变”，其中不但被认为是“基本粒子”的“夸克”可以“转变”，“介子”可

　　以在冲击下“裂变”，许多其它“粒子”可以“蜕变”、“裂变”、“聚变”

　（5）“粒子”家族成员数量不断增加，约已超过2000种，且无理论上的界限

　（6）“粒子”同力的关系反映在质量力——牛顿力——、电荷力、磁场力等方面，因此至

　　今“四个力”不能统一，使用了四门力学来分工合作描述

　（7）由质子对撞可以产生“微型黑洞”

　　客观地看，以上（1）——（7）并不是出自一个圆满的基础理论体系，它们乃是百年多来许多学者分别提出的观点的堆积，每一项都是为了解释当时的问题，没有人能够提出比这更好的理论，因此，可以说是那时的最高水平。后人一般并不怀疑这些“理论”的正确性。但是，它们作为粒子理论，应当具有系统性，应当有合适的机理，应当接收规律的制约，应当能够经受质询。如：

　　“夸克”能够转变，能变的“粒子”还能说是基本粒子吗？任何事物，“能变”显然不能成为“基本”，如果基本粒子能变，恐怕就没有变不出来的“粒子”，任何粒子也成不了基本粒子。这相当于否认基本粒子的存在。

　　又如：如果（1）中所说质子的“组成”为真，因为11种“基本粒子”的质量各不相同，因此，在此理论下生成的质子质量也“应该”参差不齐，但是，经过实测，质子的质量却高度一致，可达5位有效值，为什么？

　　再如：根据（3），各种“粒子”所带电荷应当大体上正、负各占一半，实际上，除了电子，在通常情况下，带负电荷的“粒子”寥寥无几，600种以上宇宙射线“粒子”、数百种介子、11种“基本粒子”等等全部带正电荷，为什么？

　　可以看出，尽管已经产生了粒子的标准模型，粒子的理论还是存在根本性的问题，作为基础理论，为防止千里之失，容不得毫厘之差。

　　（1）中提出的质子组成方法在实验室里有人操作不成问题，将这种人性化的过程移到自然界，存在“谁来操作”的问题。

　　现在情况下，从新的角度，提出不存在以上问题的理论显然需要，集思方能广益，圆满的理论至少不能存在“问题”、缺乏“机理”或违反规律。

3　基本粒子应当有哪些性质

　　在讨论此问题之前需要先明确：“质量能不能变”？《相对论》提出“质量不是恒量”的背景是，当时面临一些难题，如：原子的巨大能量何来？放射性粒子的迹线为何有时出现中断？从加速器中为何得不到超光速粒子等等。

　　爱因斯坦当时在“物质不灭”与“质量可变”二者之中必须择一，选前者，难题当前，难以解释；选后者，可以解释难题但背离了当时已公认的且久经验证的物理学基本规律：质量不灭与能量不灭。

　　相对论选择了“质量可变”，当时难以回答的问题那当儿算是回答了，而且那个E=mc2方程经过几次粗略验证，均显示能够成立。这似乎表示“质量可变”理论正确。《L12 关于物质不灭和能量不灭规律》一文论证了原子的能量来源于原子内部高速回旋基本粒子的动能，只是通常不向外释放而已，同质量是否能“变”并无瓜葛；粒子迹线在示踪介质上的中断应属于迹线中断而不应判断为质量消失；至于加速器中粒子的速度，在分析了加速原理后发现，被电流加速的粒子本来就不能期望达到光速或超过光速，加速电流类似“风”，被加速粒子类似“帆”，帆速恒小于风速，是“风帆效应”起了作用而不是“质量随速度变大”。

　　于是，“质量可变”的基础其实不牢，迄今没有哪怕是一则坚实的物理现象可作为支撑。

　　物质不灭和能量不灭定律经过验证100余年并未发现真正的例外或存在“问题”，曾经有过的现在看只是误会。

　　正是由于离开了基础自然规律，“基本粒子理论”便受到了牵连，“牵连”使人们相信了基本粒子可以“变”甚至“现有宇宙的全部质量都可以成为一个‘点’”，这种变的“离奇率”远超过天方夜谭。

　　正确的判断应当是基本粒子既不能“变”也不能“灭”、不能“分”。这是建立基本粒子理论的基础。如果基本粒子可以变、可以灭、可以分，它就不能独立存在，它就不能成为基本粒子。根据两个“不灭”定律，确信基本粒子有以下性质：

　3.1基本粒子不会发生任何变化

　　这一性质同时也相当于“质量不灭”和质量不能变能量、能量不能变质量。在质量可以千变万化理论时兴的今天，提出质量不可变似乎不合潮流，然而，如果质量可变连一个证据和理由也找不出，是“可变”理论牢靠呢还是不可变理论牢靠呢？当初，“质量可变”否定了“质量不灭”，今天，面对上述情况，理所当然的需要“否定之否定”，恢复两个“不灭”规律的权威性质，将其作为理论正误的“检验标准”，理直气壮地将那些包含“质量可变”的粒子理论判断为失误理论。

　　如果不能证明质量可以变能量，怎么还能说“在宇宙大爆炸前夕现在宇宙的全部物质

压缩在一个理论的点中呢”？有什么根据说物质能够被无限压缩呢？充其量，气体分子可以压缩到大约2000比1，而固体的可以压缩量相对说十分微小，那些基于质量可变的理论并不具有可置信度，关键是，提不出牢靠的证据及机理。

相信基本粒子不变的根据是：所有物质都由引力子、质子、中子、电子组成（质子、中子也由引力子、电子组成），如果它们可以变化成其它粒子，元素中的质子、中子也就是多变的了。实际上元素即使发生化学反应，质子、中子、电子并不变化，这说明基本粒子未变。　　　　

当今“标准模型”里的那些众多的“基本粒子”只有电子是真正的基本粒子斥力子，但是，其质量只有大约10-36克而不是10-28克；“电子中微子”有可能是引力子，其它那些“基本粒子”其实是引力子的不同规模的组群，在组群——“微涡旋星系”——达到质子规模以前，由于对外的引力线密度大，其成员数量当然可以增加，因为始终误以为它们是“一粒”，因此，它们“能变”，其实是成员数量改变，属于“量变”而不是“种类”之变。若论客观事实，基本粒子其实不能变，参见《L01 粒子今论》。

　　事情的根源在于，至今不能分辨“粒子”是否真正的“一粒”，将大量粒子的“组群”误认为是“不同种类”粒子，使面前的粒子“种类”大大增多，以至令人眼花缭乱，不暇应接，也使问题大大复杂化了。

　3.2　 基本粒子是真正的一粒

　　按说基本粒子既是粒子，就必须是“一粒”而不能是“许多粒子”形成的组群。为何

当今粒子理论没有觉察到“蓄能聚合”以及最终形成质子而将成员数量不同的“微涡旋星系”而将它们都判断为“一粒粒子”甚至“基本粒子”呢？理论上的原因似乎在于“质量可变”起了作用，在此情况下，那些“粒子”或“基本粒子”被认为具有“可裂变”、“可蜕变”、“可转变”等“性质”，在此轻信之下不再追寻机理；技术上的原因是它们的“内聚力”十分大，难以识别是“一团”还是“一粒”。如果坚信质量不灭规律，必定堵住“可变”思路，很可能发现“蓄能聚合”的机理，理论的进展，会完全不同与当下。

　　上面已指出近代物理研究中的众多“可裂变”、“可蜕变”、“ 可转变” “粒子”的谜底：

它们乃是由基本粒子聚合而成的“微涡旋星系”，不但有强大的内部引力，还向外伸出相当多的引力线——这使我们判断它们“带正电荷”——直到聚合成为质子、中子之前，它们会不断吸收基本粒子加盟。它们在高速碰撞之下，难免要引起组群成员数量改变，似乎能够发生“裂变”和“转变”，以为此“粒子”可“变”其实是一种误会。基本粒子是一粒在任何情况下不会发生“转变”的自然界最小的粒子，它符合质量不灭规律，永存于宇宙中。此外还需认识到，除此之外，宇宙间已不存在其它真正为“一粒”的“粒子”。迄今被命名的大量“粒子”其实都是“粒子的复数”。它们的名单，可以开列出长长一串，何止百千。就是说，除了基本粒子，宇宙间本没有其它真正为“一粒”的“粒子”，它们尽管被称为“粒子”其实是基本粒子的组群。

　　“基本粒子不能分”有两点含义，一是不能“一分为二”，因为它只是一，再分岂不成为“碎片”？二是不能成为“碎片”，因为，最高速度的“相撞”是引力子在空间飞行中的相撞，这种相撞的速度，比工程中制造“微粉”的速度大百万倍，如果能够产生碎片，空间“早就”充满了这种“碎片”了。

　3.3　 基本粒子是力线的原始发出者

　　已经明确，力由两物体相互作用产生，通过“作用力”这个名词可见，这一认识已获公认。形成力的元素为作用双方的力线。对此，电磁领域已成功应用这一力线模型，“力线相互作用形成力”。从根本上说，应当归结为：力线发源于基本粒子。

　3.4 　 基本粒子可以聚合形成一切规模“物质” 

　　由基本粒子聚合成为所有物质应当不成问题且有简单明确的机理，《L04 物质演变》一文叙述了引力子通过“蓄能聚合”成为质子的机理和中子同质子的不同之处，有了质子、中子和基本粒子斥力子便有了原子、分子，形成宇宙万物于是不成问题。

4　基本粒子究竟有多少种

　　从力线和作用力的角度，基本粒子只需要两种！这一提出也许令熟悉现代物理学理论的人惊异但却在理，因为作用力只有两种。从力线和力的性质看，只“引”与“斥”之分，至于现代物理学中的“四种力”，它们的“不同”，主要在于“大小”，从性质上，依然只是“引力、斥力”两种，如果发现了产生“大小”的机理，这种“量别”自然不能成为划分“种类”的依据，这一点现在恰恰已经做到了。

　　至今以为电力线和磁力线是“两种”不同的力线，这对认识力的实质颇为不利。其实磁力的南极、北极，电荷的正、负都是表面现象，真正起作用的是引与斥两种力线，力的大小由相互作用力线的数量决定。任何导体只要原子外围或整个导体外围有电流回旋，其原子核的引力线平衡改变，从垂直于回旋的轴心方向泄出部分引力线，这是“磁”的物理实质。至于“电荷”的实质是原子外层电子的过密或欠缺。这些普通自然现象不能用作划分力的“种类”的依据。

　　基本粒子是哪两种？

　4.1引力子

　　引力子发出引力线，一枚单独存在的引力子类似一个磁极，向空间均匀地发出引力线，其密度可取相对值1，力线作为一个物理模型是从作用力这一物理事物中抽象出来的，力线不能具体地以“支”为单位加以计量而只能采用相对值，因为它的改变以均匀方式而不是脉冲跃迁方式。力线密度的最大值是一枚引力子所发出的力线的密度；最小值可由无限小趋于零。

　　单独的引力子是谁？它在哪里？迄今实验室进行了海量“粒子”冲击实验，发现了大量“粒子”和许多“基本粒子”。根据概率估计，在已发现的“粒子”中，“电子中微子”有可能是它，同时，也要保留“比它还小”的可能，而质量最小的宇宙射线“粒子”也可能是单身引力子，而且可能性大一些，原因是，引力子发出的引力线强度大于任何其它“粒子”或物质发出的，它的聚会倾向最强，很难存在“单身”引力子，只是，从恒星和“超新星爆发”中刚飞出的乃是单身的引力子，它们挣脱了强大引力束缚，进入空间以光速飞行，但是一经同引力子或其它物质相遇，便要重新聚合。因此，刚离开恒星进入空间的宇宙射线“粒子”中存在引力子的概率较大，引力子在空间高速飞行，对于它不存在“斥力”，只有引力可能“栓”住它。

在此，需要突破“效率不可能等于100%”的工程概念，物质在空间转变运动方式，没有能量增减，没有任何损失，效率恰恰是100%，引力子不论是单身还是参加“聚合”，其速度的绝对值不变，只改变运动方向、方式，它是“永恒量子”（ 迄今，只用“量子”来描述具有一定速度的电子）。

　　因为它是最小的粒子，再没有比它小的物质，对于它的认识至今是通过分析各种已知物理现象得出的，估计其质量小于10-36（-36次方）克，进一步的认识，有待未来的研究。

引力子同另一枚引力子“相遇”有两种方式，一是方向大体一致，合伙而行，成为n枚引力子的“小组”，对外似乎是“一粒”，其速度同原来一样，质量是原来的n倍，电子伏当然也是原来的n倍，这就是宇宙射线“粒子”；二是方向大体相反，一旦引力能够“缚”住它倆，原先的动能还在，势必成为一对相互环绕旋转的“微双星”，其回旋速度等于原来直线运动的速度，亦即，动能不变，运动方式由直线运动变为回旋，这是引力起作用的结果。“微双星”除非解体，它的动能不对外显示。其实，这就是原子能，“微双星”形成的过程就是原子能的蕴含过程。这一点，至今尚未被意识到。

　　引力子有可能是由更小的“基本粒子”组成的吗？由于现在的手段有限，不能完全否定这样的可能性。但是，即使真实如此，对于以上观点并不形成龃龉。就是说，将引力子视为一粒和它们是真正一粒在现行物理理论领域不会产生不同分析结果，不会出现“困难”或“问题”，因此，当前，不妨认定它们是“一粒”，仅从理论上保留“多重”的可能。

　4.2斥力子

　　 斥力子就是电子吗？答，“是，但不完全是”，问题在于，现在对它的认识不完全正确，真正为一粒的电子才是斥力子，现在认为的“质量为9*10-28克”、“氢原子外围有一枚”的电子其实并不是一枚电子而是“一份”，这一份的质量为9*10-28克”，而一枚电子的质量同引力子差不多，约小于10-36（-36次方）克，因此，这“一份”约有一亿枚！

　　设想，如果氢原子外围仅有一枚电子，怎能形成它的“领空”？怎能进行布朗运动？怎能不表现出强烈磁性和具有电磁中性？

　　斥力子发出斥力线，斥力子之间相互推拒，恒星核反应发出两种基本粒子，斥力子在空间则趋于离散，因此，宇宙空间充满“空间电场”，但是，它同原子核之间存在引力，空间电场不会无边无际地扩散。

　　这也从另一个侧面反映了自然界“引力占优势”。

5　基本粒子如何聚合成为各种物质

　　上一节提到的《L01 粒子今论》已经叙述了两种基本粒子形成宇宙射线粒子和中子、质子的机理，有了质子、中子，空间电场充满了电子——斥力子,合成原子自然不成问题。

　　质子含有大约1012（万亿）枚引力子，现在的判断方法则是，不同“质量”即为“不同粒子”，连质子不久前也认为是“一粒”，比它（质量）“小”的“粒子”更加认为是“一粒”吧？可见，在此误解下，除了已经“发现”的几百种“粒子”外，如果仪器足够精确——精确到能够辨别一枚引力子之差——理论上，未来可以“发现”“万亿种”之多的“新粒子”，如不能从 基础理论的角度辨明这一点，难免会受到困扰，其实，“物理11道难题”已经难住了人们多年，如何才能消解难题、摆脱困扰也大多同基本粒子理论的改进有关。越出粒子理论中那些不圆满部分的局限，方才能够得到和谐的粒子理论。

　　对此，应当相信，迄今发现的许多“粒子”，其实都是基本粒子数量少于“质子”的“微涡旋星系”或“引力子组群”，它们的质量差别，其实乃是组群成员数量的差别。

　　在《L04 物质演变》中阐述过，质子的质量大小，是力平衡的结果，因此才能有6位有效数字。质子质量的高度一致，这是大自然向人们暗示：基本粒子的“种类”不可能多。

　　质子、中子进一步聚合成为原子、分子、物体、行星、恒星是剩余引力线相互作用形成了引力的结果，在宇宙空间中的物质演变，无一例外地是力的“作品”，而且主要是引力作用的结果，斥力子的作用是使原子保持距离、物质具有形态与“强度”。

　　其它的“粒子”都是“聚合度”小于质子的“组群”。分两类，一类是“微涡旋星系”,动能mc2蕴含于内部，此即原子能；另一类是“宇宙射线粒子”，以光速飞行，动能显示于外，同样等于mc2, 组群内部无涡旋运动。

　　至此，可能会出现一个问题：“基本粒子”从何而来？这与“物质从何而来”实际是一

个问题，因此，答案也相同：“从来处来”。

基本粒子客观存在于空间，是自然界的天然存在，不存在“从何而来”、“为什么存在”的问题。因为是“客观存在”，我们应当承认。“基本粒子不会变，不能灭；物质的动能永存于空间，不会增减”，自然规律，需要承认。

　　这里附带提出：除了将“复数粒子”误以为是“粒子”外，现代物理学领域还出现了不少虚构的“粒子”、“物质”和“物理事物”，它们如同无本之花，目前虽然群芳竞艳，五彩缤纷，但在物理规律和机理的透视下，难以持久。将其误以为真，必然给理论增加问题与困难。

　　“虚构粒子”有：“镜像粒子”“正电子”“胶子”“玻色子”“光子”等等。

　　 “虚构物质”有：“反物质”“暗物质”“中子星”“黑洞”等等。

　　 “虚构物理事物”：有“宇宙大爆炸”“宇宙中暗能量、暗物质占90%以上”“质

　　量可以转变”等等

　　信任那些不同机理挂钩、不同规律相洽的“理论”的结果便会产生失误。有人相信两个高速质子相撞可以产生“微型黑洞”、模仿“宇宙大爆炸初期”，可以肯定，在欧洲的LHC强子对撞机将不会帮这些“虚构”提供真正的支持，支持这些不正确理论的乃是人们的误会。 

6　结论

　（1）形成宇宙万物的基本粒子仅有两种：引力子、斥力子，它们是真正基本粒子。

　（2）其它所有许许多多已经命名的“粒子”，都是基本粒子的“微涡旋星系”或是基本粒子的组群，因此不是真正的粒子而是粒子的组群。

　　附带的推理是：不存在质量为零的“粒子”或物质，因为力线需由基本粒子发出，基本粒子天然地具有质量，所以，力线、力必须同质量相关。没有质量等于真空，不能成为力的源泉与载体。这是“介力粒子”不能存在的理由。

附后： “基本粒子有62种”“> 300种”等理论的“问题”和“困难”更多，本文不再讨论

2019.3.24  加注： 本文于2009/4/4登上本网站原先架构，2019.1月投入使用的现在的新架构未设计“加入时间、阅读次数”，故加注以保持原貌。

L28aa

the true elementary particle

S. G. Chinese

Abstract　　the Chinese physics find out the great part of the nowadays “elementary particle” are not the true elementary particle, the every kind of particle of already named mostly does not true particle but to be the “plural” of the particle, this text to raise only graviton and repulton can fits the condition of the basic particle and these two basic particles are the only true particle of nature． 

Keywords 　　elementary particle　　true elementary particle　　true particle　　ever quantum　 graviton 　repulton

1　generality

　　What particle can to be the basic particle? how much kind of the basic particle? these are the two problems of first need replying about the basic particle, also the two difficult problems of nowadays particle theory, 《L01 modern opinion about particle》ever related, it only have two kinds of basic particles, but under the condition of present particle theory think of it have 12 to more than 60 kinds of basic particles, withal, be necessary further expound the mechanism, consult to the law, to build the particle theory of none “problem”、“in-exist ”of difficult． 

2　existing circumstances

　　In the present particle theory：

　（1）there have been 12 kinds of formal basic particles, still some kinds of the particles of “transmit force”、and the “mirror particle” of all these particles, besides the electron from these 12 kinds, the rest divided to trio, every group out one member, together “make up” one proton 

（2）“the quality does variable”, the quality of particle may “annihilate”, namely so called “quality annihilating”

(3) The particle been “symmetrical”, if having certain particle then having its “mirror particle”

(4) “The particle variable”, among these, not only the “quark” of “element particle” may be “changing”, but also the meson may “fission” under shock, much other “particle” may “decay”、 “fission” 、 “fusion” 

　（5）the member of particle family was escalation, it about exceeded 2000 kinds and no the limit in theory

（6）the relation of “particle” and force reflected in mass force——Newtonian force——、charge force、magnetic-field force and so on aspect, hence up to now “four force” cannot got uniform, make use of four mechanics to describe with share out the work and cooperate with one another

（7）it may be produce “mini-black hole” from proton head on collision 

Objectively to see, above (1)——(7) does not come out from a satisfactory system of basic theory, they are the pile up of the viewpoint raise from many scholars over a century, every item all to be for explain the problem of the day, no man can raise the theory better then this, so to speak was the highest level at the time．Futurity in general does not doubt the exactness of this theory．But they act as the particle theory, ought to possess systematic, ought accept restricting of law, ought can bear interpellation．Such as：

The “quark” was changeable, yet the changeable “particle” to be the basic particle? any matter、any thing if can changeable it cannot become “basic” clearly, if the basic particle can changing, I’m afraid there is not “particle” can not come out from changing, so any particle can not become basic particle．this correspond to deny the existing of basic particle．

More such as：if the quality of (1) said is true, on account of the quality of 11 kinds of “basic particle” was differ from one another, there fore, the quality of generated proton under this theory also ought to irregularity, but, go through actual measurement, the quality of proton yet highly agreed, may reach to the effective value of 5 digit, why?

Again such as：according to (3), the bringing charge of every kind of “particle” ought to half and half of positive and negative, but in fact, except electron, in conventional practice, the “particle” of bring negative charge was few and far between, more then 600 kinds of cosmic-ray “particles”, hundreds of meson、11 kinds of “basic particle” and so on are all bring positive charge, why? 

It can be seen, through already generated particle’s standard model, the theory of particle yet exist essential problem, act as the basic theory, for prevent the long-long miss, not be allowed the mistake in the least bit．

It is no problem for operated by man in laboratory use this method to make up proton as which raise in (1), if let this humanity process move to nature, it exist the problem of “who operate this”． 

Under this circumstance, obvious need to raise the theory of in-exist above problem from the new angle, collect thinking can but get wide wisdom, the satisfactory theory at least cannot exist of “problem”、lack of mechanism or contrary to law．

3　which properties the basic particle ought to have

　 It need to clear ： “can or can’t changing of the quality” before discuss this problem, the background of《relativity》raise “the quality does not constant” is, at that time faced some puzzles, such as：where come out the huge energy of atom? Why the trace of active particle some time appear to break off？why can’t got tachyon from accelerator etc.? 

At that time Einstein should alternative from “conservation of matter” and “mass variable” if select the former, would facing the difficult problem；select the latter, may explain the problems but deviate from the physical basic law of already recognized at that time more over had proving for a long time：conservation of mass and conservation of energy．

　　Relativity select “mass variable”, the difficult problems at last to be replied, and that equation E=mc2 go by several times rough proving, all show can establishing．This seems mean the theory of “mass variable” been correct．The text of 《L12 the law of conservation of the matter and of the energy》has proofed the sours of atom to be come out from the kinetic energy of interior basic particle they circle round with high speed, only generally does not outward release nothing more, it is no connection with if the mass able to “changing”；the trace of particle break off on the labeling medium to be ought not to judged for mass die away；in the case of the speed of particle in accelerator, after analyzed the acceleration principle can find, the accelerated particle by current originally cannot expect reach or pass light speed, the accelerate current like the “wind”, accelerated particles like the “sail”, speed of sail usual less than speed of wind, it is the “wind-sail effect” get functioned and not “mass follow speed fill out”．

　　Upon that, the bass of “mass variable” actually not firm, up to now it have not even if one massy physical phenomenon may action for support．　　　　　　 　The law of conservation of mass and of energy through analyzing over than 100 years and have not find true exception or exist problem, the ever having present to see only the misunderstanding．

Just due to get off the basic natural law, the theory of “basic particle” then suffer implicating, the “implicating” let folk believe in the basic particle can “changing” even “the whole matter of present cosmos all may become a point”, the “quirkiness rate” of this changing been far exceed Arabian Nights．

The correct judging ought to be the basic particle either can “change” or can “divided”．This is the bass of build the theory of basic particle．if the basic particle may change、may destroy、may divided, it as soon as cannot exist independently, and cannot become basic (element) particle．on the basis of the two laws of “conservation”, be sure of the basic particle have rear properties：

3.1 The basic particle will not happen any changing

　　This property in the same time also correspond to “conservation of mass” and quality cannot change to energy、energy cannot change to quality．At today the theory of mass (quality) may be ever changing was fashionable, put forward the mass immutable it seems out of the swim, but, if mass variable can not find even one proving or one reason, the theory of “variable” or of immutable who is firm? At that time “mass may changing” negated “conservation of mass”, today, facing above condition, matter of course need “negation of negation”, renew the authority property of two law of “conservation”, act as the “inspection standard” for correct or errors of the theory, walk tall judge those particle theory of contain “mass may changing” been the miss theory． 

　　If cannot prove the mass may change to energy, how can still to say “before big bang, the hole matters of present cosmos compressed in a point”? What reason can to say the mass can be unlimited compressed？at the outside, the gas molecule may be pressed about 2000 ：1, and that the solid’s amount of compression relatively say very small, those theory be based on mass variable does not possess degree of confidence, the master key is, can not bring up solid proof and mechanism．

　　The reason of believe in the basic particle not variable is：hole matter was constituted by graviton、proton、neutron、electron (proton、neutron also constituted by graviton、electron ), if they can change to the other particle, proton、neutron in the chemical element then also to be fickle．In practice the element even happen chemical reaction, proton、neutron、electron does not change, this explains the basic particle does not changing．

　Nowadays those numerous “basic particle” from “standard model” only electron is true basic particle, but its quality only about 10-36 (10 to the power of -36) gram and does not 10-28 gram；the “electron neutrino” may be the graviton, those other “basic particle” in fact was the group of different scale of graviton, before the scale of group——“micro vortex galaxy”——reach to proton, due to the external density of attracting force-ling was large, its quantity of member by all means mat be add, because all long in mistake for they was “one particle”, therefore they “can changing”, actually was the changing of member’s quantity, belong to “quantitative change” and not the changing of “kind”．If in terms of objective fact, basic particle actually can not change, see also in 《L01 modern opinion about particle 》．

　　The root of matter is, up to now can not make up if the “particle” is true “one particle”, be about to a large number of particle’s group take they for the particle of different kind, so let the “kind” of particle greatly increase, up to make one dazzle the eyes, have one’s hands full, also make the problem greatly complicate． 

3.2 　the basic particle to be true one particle

Ordinarily the basic particle now that was the particle, as soon as should be “one particle” and unable the group of “”much particles．Why nowadays particle’s theory have not find “storing-energy polymerization” and final be going to the “micro vortex galaxy” of the quantity of different member all judge in “one particle” even “basic particle”? The cause of this sad seems lie in “mass variable” functioned, in this instance, those “one particle” or “basic particle” be deemed to possess “properties” of “ fissionable ”、“transmutable” 、 “changeable” etc., under this readily believe no longer to search mechanism；the technical reason is their “cohesion” very large, difficult to distinguish been “one gobbet” or “one particle”． 

　　If firmly believe the law of mass conservation, be sure to stop up the train of thought of “changeable”, may well find the mechanism of “storing-energy polymerization”, the evolution of theory totally different with now．

Above has been point out the answer to a riddle of numerous “fissionable”、 “transmutable”、“changeable” “particle” in study of modern physics：they are the “micro vortex galaxy” and polymerized from the basic particle, not only have strong inner attracting force, but also stretch out quite more attracting force-line to external——this we judge they are carry “positive charge”——up to before polymerizing become proton、neutron, they are able to ceaseless absorb the basic particle join in．if they under high velocity impact, hard to avoid cause changing of member’s quantity, seems can to happen “fission” and “change”, to believe these “particle” may “change” really was a kind of misunderstanding．

　　The basic particle been a grain of natural least “particle” of will not happen changing in any condition, it fit the law of the conservation of mass and lasting forever in the cosmos．apart from this, it already un-existing the other “particle” of true “a grain”, though they are called “particle” but actually been the group of the basic particle． 

“The basic particle cannot divided” have two meaning, the one is cannot “one divides into two”, because of it just one, isn’t that subdivide becomes “splinter”? the other is cannot become “splinter”, because of the collision of highest speed is the collision of graviton fly in space, the speed of this collision, would large million times than make “micro mist” in engineering, if it could produce splinter, ages ago space already been full of this “splinters”． 

3.3　 the basic particle been the original source-encoder of force-line 

It already explicit, force is generated from interaction of two objects, through the noun of “acting force” can see, this cognition already get publicly known．The element of form force been the both force-line．Withal, electromagnetism field already succeed use this force-line model, “force-line act each other form force”．Basically, ought to result：force-line originate from the basic particle． 

3.4 　basic particle can polymerizing form matter of every scale 

From basic particle polymerizing form all matter should be out of question moreover have the clear mechanism, the text《L04 development of matter》had narrated the mechanism of gravitons through “storing-energy polymerization” become proton and the difference of neutron with proton, have proton、neutron and the basic particle repulton (electron) then have the atom、molecule, to form cosmic inventory then out of problem．

4　how many kind of basic particle

From the angle of force-line and acting force, only needs two kinds of basic particle! this raising maybe make amazed to some one whom know well of modern physics but reasonable, because it have two kinds of acting force only．From the property of force-line and force to see, only have the difference of “attracting” and “repulsion”, as to the “four kind of force” of modern physics, their “difference, mainly lie in “magnitude”, in kind, still only two kinds of “attracting” and “repulsion”, if kind the mechanism of produce “magnitude”, this “difference of quantity” naturally can not become the basis of divide “kind”, now just can do this．

　　Up to the present think electric line of force and magnetic line of force to be two kinds of force-line, it is very disadvantageous for to know the essence of force．In fact the south pole、north pole of magnetic force, positive、negative of the charge are all surface phenomenon, really acting was two kinds of force-line of attracting and repulsion, the magnitude of force been decided by the quantity of force-line of each other’s．any conductor so long as the atom’s periphery or whole conductor’s periphery have current in circle round, balance of attracting force-line of its nucleus happen changing, from the direction of whirly axis spill part attracting force-line, this is the physical essence of “magnetism”．As for the essence of “electric charge”, it is the electron’s density on the high side or on the low of atom’s outer layer．These common natural phenomenon cannot to use as the basis for to divide the kind of force．

Which two kinds to be the basic particle?

4,1　graviton 　　

Graviton issue attracting force-line, a graviton on one’s own is similar a magnetic pole, equably issue attracting force-line towards space, the density may to take relative value 1 , force-line to look regard the physical model was abstracted out from this physical matter of act force, force-line cannot concretely use “piece” as the unit inflict measure can but use relative value, because its changing with uniformity mode and does not pulse jump mode．The density’s maximum is the attracting force-line density of one graviton issued；minimum may from infinitely small approach to zero． 　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　Which is the individual graviton? Where is it ? up to now it has been find a large number of “particles” and many “basic particles”．Estimate according to the probability, among the discovered “particles”, “electron neutrino” may it be it, at the same time, also want to keep the possibility of “less than it yet”, the reason is, the strength of graviton issued was greater than other any “particle” or matter issued, and the possibility would large a little, its gathering tendency is forte fortissimo, very difficult exist the “bachelordom” graviton, simply, when it just fly out from star or “supernova” to be the bachelordom gravitons, they get rid of tie of strong attracting force, enter into space and fly with light velocity, but once meet graviton or other matter would rejoin once．Therefore, the “particle” of cosmic rays when they just leave star enter into space among them the probability of exiting graviton is more, graviton fly in space with high speed, does not exist “repulsion force” to it, only the attracting force can “tie up” it．　　　 

　 Hereon, need to break through the engineering conception of “efficiency is may not be equal to 100%”, matter change the movement mode in space, none the energy increase and decrease, the efficiency just equal to 100%, no matter graviton is bachelordom or join “polymerizing”, its absolute value of velocity does not change, only change the movement direction、mode, it is the “perpetual quantum”(up to now only use “quantum” to describe the electron of possess fixed speed)．

　　Because it is the minimum particle, there is not any matter less than it, to this day the cognition for it was got through analyze every given physical phenomenon, figure out its quality is less than 10-36 (10 to the power of -36) gram, the farther cognition, has yet to future research．

　　There are two mode of graviton “meet” with other graviton, the one is the direction general in line, form a partnership and fly together, become a “group” of n gravitons, they seem one particle to external, the speed does the same with original, the quality was n times with original, the electron volt also was n times with original, this just the “particle” of cosmic rays；

the other is the direction general in opposite, once attracting force can “tie up” them, the original kinetic energy still exist, certainly become a pair of “micro double star”, its speed of circle round is equal to the original speed of liner motion, namely, the energy was invariable, the motion mode from liner motion change to circle round, this is the result of the action of attracting force．Only it the “micro double star” get disassemble, its kinetic energy not explain external．really, this just the atomic energy, the formative process of “micro double star” just the implicate process of atomic energy．This point, up to now not yet realized．

　　Is the graviton May be component from smaller “basic particles”? due to present method is limited, cannot fully deny this possibility．But even if really so, it does not form the discord towards above viewpoint．That is to say, see graviton as a particle would not emerge different analysis result in the physical filed with they was true a particle, will not appear “difficulty” or “problem”, therefore, present, might as well hold they to be “a grain of”, only from theory keep the possible of “multiplex”．

4.2 　repulton 

　　Whether the repulton just be the electron? To answer, “yes, but not really”, the question is that, at present the cognition to it not exactly, the true a grain of electron just to be the repulton, present think the electron of “the mass for 9*10-28(10 to the power of -28) gram ” 、“it only one lie on the periphery of hydrogen atom ” in fact dose not a grain of electron but “a share of” electron, the mass(quality) of electron is nearly with graviton, about less than 10-36 (10 to the power of -36)gram, therefore, this “a share of ” about a hundred million grain! 

　　Imagine, if only one electron at the periphery of hydrogen atom, how can the “airspace” of it? How can it proceed of the Brownian motion? How can it should not show up intensity magnetism and possess electromagnetism neutral?

The repulton issue repulsion force-line, among repultons refuse each other, star’s nuclear reaction issue two kinds of basic particle, repulton tend to disperse in space, therefore, cosmic space be full of “space electric field”, but, exist the attracting force between it and nucleus, space electric field will not boundless spread．This also reflect “attractive force dominate” of nature． 

5 how can the basic particle polymerizing to every kind of matter

Above ever mentioned text 《L01 modern opinion about particle》already related the mechanism of two kinds of basic particle form cosmic-ray particles and neutron、proton, possess neutron、proton, space electric field be full of electron——repulton, combining atom of course out of question． 

　　Neutron contains about 1012 (10 to the power of 12) gravitons, now the judge method is, the different “quality” come down to the “different particle”, even proton also think of “a grain of” not long ago, does the “particle”(quality) less than it all the more think of to be “a grain of” ? it is clear, under this misunderstanding, except already find hundreds “particles”, if the instrument enough accurate——accurate to can distinguish the different of one graviton, in theory, future may be find billion kinds of “new particle”, if can not identify this point from the angle of basic theory, hard to avoid suffer puzzle, really, “physics 11 problems” already puzzled folk many years, how can clear up problem、get rid of puzzle as well mostly related with the improve of the theory of basic particle．exceed the limit of those un-perfect part of particle theory, can but get harmonious particle theory． 

　　Withal, ought to believe, so far discovered many “particles”, actually to be the “micro vortex galaxy” of the quantity less than “proton” or “group of graviton”, the difference of them, actually to be the difference of quantity，

It was expounded in 《L04 development of matter 》, the size of proton, to be the result of force balance, so can possess 6 significant digit．The quality of proton highly fit, it is nature’s hint to human：the “kind” of basic particle impossible much．

　　Proton、neutron further get together become atom、molecule、planet、star to be the result of surplus attracting force-line act each other, matter’s development in space, without exception was the “works” of force, and major is the result of the effect of attracting force, the effect of repulton was make atoms keep distance、matter possess form and “strength”． 

Other “particle” are all the “group” of the polymerizing-degree less than “proton”．Divide to two class, one is “micro vortex galaxy”, the kinetic energy mc2 contain inside, this is atomic energy；another class to be the “cosmic ray particles”, fly with light speed, the kinetic energy mc2 show external, also equal to mc2 , none vortex motion in the group’s inner．

　　Thus, may be appear a problem：where come from the basic particle? this is the same problem with “where come from the matter”, therefore the answer also the same：it “come from origins”．

　　The basic particles was objective reality in space, was the natural being of nature, un-exist the problem of “to come from where”、“to exist why”．Because was “objective reality”, we ought to admit． “the basic particle unchangeable, cannot destroy；the kinetic energy eternal in space, will not increase or decrease”, the order of nature, need to admit．

　　Here attach to raised, besides other than to the “plural particle” take for “particle”, modern physics yet appeared not a few fabled “particle”、“matter” and “physical thing” , they like the flower of none root, now although all kinds of flowers stretch glamorous, the colour in riotous profusion, but see through physical law and mechanism, difficult to lasting．If take it for true, certain give the theory increase problem and difficult． 

　　The “imaginary particle” have：“mirror-image particle”、“positron”、“gluon”、“boson”、 “photon” etc．

The “fiction matter” have： “antimatter”、“dark matter”、“neutron star”、“black hole” etc．

　　The “fiction physical thing” have： “big bang”、“dark energy and dark matter account for >90% of cosmos”、“quality may be changing” etc．

　　The result of believe in those “theory” of un-link up with mechanism、un-harmony with law then would bring about fault．Someone believe in two high speed proton get collide may produce “”、to copy “initial stage of the big bang”, It may be confirmed that European Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will not offer the true support to help these “imaginary”, in support of these theory of un-correct to be people’s misunderstanding．

6　the conclusion

(1) the basic particle of form cosmic inventory only have two kinds：graviton and repulton, they are the true basic particle, 

(2) the other all lots and lots of “particle” of already named are all the “micro vortex galaxy” of basic particle or the group of basic particle．

　The incidental reasoning is：un-exist the “particle” (or matter) of quality been zero, because of the force-line should issued from the basic particle, the basic particle naturally possess quality, therefore, force-line、force should related to quality．None quality is equal to vacuum, can not become the source or carrier of force．This is the reason for “force-agent particle” cannot being． 

Attached： “there were 62 kinds of basic (elementary ) particle” “there were more than 300 kinds of basic particles” and so on theory its “problem and difficulty” even more, this paper will not discuss