陈理士

摘 要 本文以陈理士（Chinese）物理基础理论的观点据理回答“太阳是如何生成的？”“太阳的核反应是如何发生的”“太阳的演变趋势”等问题

关键词 太阳系 太阳 核聚变 恒星

(The text in English see rear )

前言

当前，关于太阳的六道难题是：（1）太阳是如何形成的？（2）为什么太阳同月亮看似一样大？（3）是否存在X行星？（4）彗星何来？（5）太阳系是唯一的吗？（6）太阳系最后将如何终结？

拟通过对主题的探讨，附带回答这些问题

昨天

　　关于“太阳是怎么生成的”，这是属于天文学的题目，本文则从物理角度提出议论，将太阳的形成与“发展”视为宇宙中物质演变的一般情况，由此推测它的现在、以往和未来，上述六道难题，也就接近答在其中。

　　现实情况是，在百亿光年的可观察空间之内，数以亿亿计的众多恒星都毫无例外的在进行核反应，为什么？

　　陈理士物理的回答是：物质聚合达到极限，“物极必反”。其机理在于：恒星心部压力过大原子的电子层垮塌以至质子、中子“碰撞”（参见《L04 物质演变》）。今天，质子碰撞的结果会产生核反应已为实验证实，利用此种碰撞产生能量的LHC也已建成。

　　恒星的核反应源于高压，因此，只发生在心部。核反应使质子、中子解体为基本粒子高速——达1.4倍光速——飞向太空，于是太空中形成了空间电场且不断受到骚扰，形成“本底辐射”；空间不断有引力子高速飞驰，它们逐渐聚合，以质子、中子为“一级聚合”极限，尚未达到极限的基本粒子“组群”（微涡旋星系）不断被发现和命名，迄今一直误以为这些“微涡旋星系”是“一粒”，因此，称之为“粒子”，有各种介子、夸克、中微子和原子裂变后探测到的许多其它“粒子”（参见《L01 粒子今论》）。

　　空间既有源源不断的基本粒子“供给”,又有引力占优势机制，质子、中子必然继续聚合，形成原子、同位素，并“越聚越多”，成为宇宙尘，星际物质。随着时间推移，它们渐渐“成长”，到了一定规模，便是彗星、小行星、行星。当然，行星得天独厚地还有一条“速成”途径：“超新星爆发”后，由高温气团凝聚而成。行星依然对外伸出引力线，相互作用形成万有引力，于是，不断引来“陨物”，必定继续“成长”。

　　如果行星是固态，“重力”作用在固体上面，“大家”分散承担，“重力”不一定能够到达心部。如果它是液态或心部是液态，“重力”作用传到到内部，当然是心部受力最大，以地球为例，表面仅受1大气压，中心处则达百万大气压，于是，有一天，当行星大到太阳那么大时，心部压力达到“亿”大气压，如上所述，在中心部位，高压压垮原子外层，便要发生核反应，于是，由行星转变为恒星。

　　所以，太阳从何而来？它是从小到大逐渐发展增大起来的。今天，地球每时每刻不停地从空间获得“陨物”，因此推知：（1）它在不断成长；（2）太阳的引力线大大多于地球，它获得的陨物也要大大多于地球。

　　太阳的昨天要比今天小，只是一颗心部为高温融浆的行星，但是，心部的高温，并非核反应的原因，核反应是心部极高压力压垮原子而“压出来”的，其机理已在《L04物质演变》叙述。

　　核反应使原子分散，质子、中子解体为基本粒子，形成了“聚极而散”的“反向”演变，产生热能使这颗行星温度进一步升高逐渐成为明亮的恒星。恒星与行星在“个头”上的差异并非不相干，行星只有“长大”到接近太阳那么大，心部核反应才能开始发生，因此，恒星必定比行星大。

　　宇宙不断产生行星与恒星，这是物质循环演变中的环节，太阳的昨天先是一个行星，再不断增加质量由小到大成为大行星，由大行星心部被“压燃”转变为恒星。

2 今天

　　成为恒星之后，今天，太阳上发生的是什么反应？回答此问题，需用动态观点看待太阳,太阳有它的物质“收、支”，“收、支”结果决定它将变得更大还是渐渐“瘦小”。

　　“收”的是在万有引力作用下纷纷坠入太阳的“陨物”，这些星际物质，绝大多数比较小，但是也有尺度较大者，对自然现象的合理解读能够导致这样的结论。

　　太阳上会有陨物不断坠入吗？既然地球有，太阳当然也有，而且比地球多。因为陨物是引力“引”过来的，太阳发出的引力线比地球多，它对于空间物质形成的吸引力当然大于地球。

　　小陨物似乎未引起关注，但是，当偶尔有一个大个头的陨物坠入太阳时，情况如何？对此，若回答：“使太阳表面产生黑子”，此回答也许令人惊讶，冶炼时向2000度左右的钢铁熔液投入变质剂时便观察到类似“黑子”的现象，太阳，作为一团液体，它的表面温度虽然比心部低，但却达到摄氏6000多度！尺度小的物质作为太阳陨物，不等落到表面就汽化了，成不了黑子，尺度大的物体坠入后必然有一个吸收热量、激烈升温、汽化过程，此时，相对较“黑”，同时，发生大量电子辐射，使空间电场密度暂时改变，从而影响了“地磁三要素”之一的“空间电场密度”（参见L15《地磁发生机理》一文），这是“太阳黑子引起磁暴”的物理背景！鉴于地球不断“收到”陨物乃是事实，所以，太阳有更多陨物的观点是可信的，这是太阳的“收入”，使它“继续长大”。

　　这里不意中回答了一道难题：“太阳黑子是怎样发生的”？

　　太阳也有它的“消费”，心部核反应使反应物质解体为基本粒子离散而去，这一“支出”让它“缩小”。收支相抵，是赢是亏？从太阳已“燃烧”了几十亿年来看，至少是收支相抵略有赢余，因此，今天的太阳，还在慢慢成长中。

　　一个似乎不成问题的问题是，太阳心部的核反应是“热核聚变”吗？现代物理学认为，核反应分为“裂变”与“聚变”两种。“裂变”使重元素变轻，放出能量；“聚变”使轻元素变重，也同时放出能量。这一避开了机理的“理论”在解释了某些问题的同时，也衍生了一些问题，如：

　（1）核反应放出的能量从何而来？

　（2）核反应为什么会放出能量？

　（3）是什么机制让散布的轻元素源源不断的进入恒星心部进行“聚变”?一旦轻元素都成了重元素，又会如何？在空间若干万亿亿颗星体中能否找到验证这种理论的实例？

　　不能据理解答以上问题却可以用“质量变能量”来协助，但这样又衍生新问题：

　（1）质量如何变能量？

　（2）基本粒子到底能不能变？是体积之变、密度之变还是数量之变？

　　不断衍生新难题是理论失误的表现，因此，若要弄清核反应到底分为几种不如先弄清核反应的物理实质和反应机理。

　　质子乃是由万亿枚基本粒子——引力子——形成的“微涡旋星系”，涡旋的线速度达到光速c的1.4倍，如果质子解体，基本粒子以1.4倍光速辐射分散其能量——动能——便是mc2（平方），就是说，质子、中子自身蕴含着原子能，质子、中子是否解体是原子能是否释放的条件，这样的理论就比较清晰和谐，它可以从“能量方程”的被验证而解读出来，无需背离物质不灭和能量不灭两项基础规律，现在已经从理论上分析出了以往使我们误以为“质量可变”的那些实例其实属于误会（参见L12《关于物质不灭和能量不灭定律》），“聚合效应”限制了质子、中子的规模，是力平衡使它们大小一致，故对于质子、中子的质量可以给出4至5位有效数值。由于“聚合效应”，如果两个质子聚合在一起，必有一个立即解体——核反应——而只剩下一枚质子同时发出mc2能量，m是质子的质量。

　　质子同质子相吸，但是人性化的“同性相斥”使人觉得质子在原子内部应当相斥，需要胶子将它们“粘住”，按陈理士物理的观点，质子对外发出引力线，两枚质子间产生引力而不是斥力，不需要胶子来胶住它们。既然相吸，在原子里能不能相遇从而发生核反应？回答是：不能，为什么？因为质子并非静止在原子之中，质子、中子作为“单元”回旋在原子内部，引力使它们不能离开，离心力则使它们不能“结合”。

　　但是，恒星心部的情况有所不同，当原子之间的屏障——电子层——垮塌，质子、中子的碰撞便难以避免，碰撞使质子、中子解体成为基本粒子高速离去——发生核反应，如果恒星的“收入”使其“个头”不减小，于是心部压力不减，核反应便不会停止。

　　通过分析可见，恒星核反应放出能量同“裂变”机理相似，都是质子、中子的解体行为，但是，要说“轻元素聚合为重元素”却无此机理，空间以亿亿计的恒星，哪一个的“年龄”都可能以亿年计，如果发生的是“聚变”反应，重元素按年龄增长，等到即将“超新星爆发”时，岂不百分之百成了重元素？

　　所以，今天，发生在太阳心部的是核反应而不是“核聚变”，反应使电子飞离，质子、中子解体，形成不断的基本粒子辐射。就是说，尽管恒星心部达到那么高的压力和温度，原子并没有“压聚”，轻原子在那里成不了重原子，之所以发出原子能，是由于部分质子中子解体成为基本粒子，圆运动转变为直线运动，它们的动能由隐态转变为显态而已。

　　太阳对于地球的影响有一些已经被人们认识到，尚未意识到的如对地球空间电场密度的影响，原因在于现在还没有圆满的关于地磁的解释。按照陈理士物理观点，形成地磁的要素有三：空间电场、球体自转、心部导电，这三个条件可以应用于判断所有星体是否存在磁场。太阳黑子产生时，陨物被加热到6000度，高于“电焊”温度，产生电子射线是可以理解的，这使地球空间电场突然发生密度改变，反映于地磁改变上，被称为“磁爆”。

　　太阳辐射出的两种基本粒子，其中斥力子——即电子的归宿地是空间电场，在其运动速度成为零之前，表现为X射线、紫外线等“电子射线”；引力子离开太阳后，进入“聚合”过程，其中“代数聚合”形成的是宇宙射线粒子，迄今人们认为“宇宙射线粒子超过600种”，它们其实乃是一种粒子的“合伙”，只是“量别”而非“类别”，如将量别认作类别，“600”可能扩展成为“万亿”，宇宙射线速度极高，穿透力极大。

　　从宇宙中不断发生“超新星爆发”判断，太阳今天的状态是“收支相抵略有盈余”，亦即，它的质量在“缓慢地”长大之中，用一百年时间不可能发现这种“长大”。

3 明天

　　太阳的明天同其它星球的明天相似,取决于物质的收支平衡，“如果”支大于收，心部核反应区域必定越来越小最后停止反应，此后又“如果”不再有陨物坠入，温度会按对数规律渐渐降低，光亮渐渐减弱而不再耀眼，这一过程延续若干万年 ，“如果”还是不再有物质“收入”，又经过若干万年，彻底冷却下来，成为一颗行星。

但是，这三个“如果”难以成立，因为，太阳向空间发出的引力线，空间由基本粒子演变“聚合”的机制都一直存在，任何时间，太阳会有“物质收入”，即使“入不敷出”其结果无非是核反应断断续续，不至于长时间停下。

　　有理由把太阳设想得“小康”一些，它的物质“收入”应是“收支相抵，有所盈余”，理由是：收支不可能恰好相抵，更不能等于零，太阳本来就是不断“成长”起来的，这说明长期以来有源源不断的物质供应。空间由基本粒子合成质子、中子的速度不会有大的变化，一旦有一个行星比其它的大一些，它从空间吸引的陨物也就多一些，这使它成长得快一些，形成“良性循环”。所以，今天在太阳系里，太阳和众行星都有“物质收入”，但落入太阳的物质最多，而且越来越多，因此，太阳的质量占了整个太阳系总质量的99%以上，在吸引陨物方面不但会继续保持优势，而且优势越来越大。

　　于是，它的质量、体积越来越大，心部核反应的区域也越来越大，温度越来越高，直到有一天，全体物质汽化膨胀、体积猛烈增加，形成“超新星爆发”，彻底分散为基本粒子、原子、亚原子、分子高速离去，在原来的位置留下暂时真空。因为空间往来不断的大小物质将很快进入这里，所以，只能是暂时真空。这里能够成为“黑洞”吗？这取决于“引力”能否将高速离去的物质又拉回来再“塌缩”成“超重物质”。道理很明显，如果引力有那么大能耐，在“爆发”之前，恒星早就是“黑洞”了，“引力”连两个靠近的气体分子都不能“塌缩”成液体，若赋予它那么神奇的能耐，理论难以踏实。

　　向“超新星爆发”方向发展，这就是明天太阳的大致前景，这也是所有恒星明天的必由之路，在物质演变循环中，由于引力占优势，“聚合”是主要趋势，达到恒星规模时，心部开始出现“分散”，质子、中子解体成为基本粒子高速离去。此时“聚合”依然超过“分散”，恒星继续增大。之后，随着心部核反应区域的增大，“分散”渐渐接近并超过“聚合”，“爆发”便开始发生，当巨大的核反应区作用完毕，“爆发”便完成。可以看出，虽然“超新星爆发”比“爆炸”强烈得多，却也需要延续一段过程，不是在一瞬间完成。

　　此外，从现在到太阳发展成为“超新星”也不是很短时间，尽管上面有几个“越来越”，但空间聚合物质的速度“大致稳定”。因为，空间基本粒子的供应来源于若干万亿亿颗恒星核反应，恒星的数量如此之多，即使少数发生“爆发”等事件也不会影响“大致稳定”。太阳从空间获得物质的速度受到“大致稳定”的制约。

　　太阳现在在恒星家族里只能算一个小弟弟，明天——若干亿年后——会成为个头较大者，后天，当它的个头大到成为恒星中的佼佼者时，成为“超新星爆发”者就迫在眉睫了。

在太阳完全“爆发”之后，地球是“基本不变仅仅温度升高”还是“蒸发掉部分质量”或是“完全蒸发”掺和在一团高温气团之中？这是可以大致计算的问题，如果那时还能存在或部分存在，由于太阳已消失，地球只能作惯性飞行，它的对外引力线必定重新调整作用对象，形成新的力平衡格局，很长时间以后，他可能自己“长大”发展成为一颗恒星或者终于接近一颗恒星而再次环绕飞行。

4问题简答

　　至此，一开始的6道题的简单回答是：

　（1）答：太阳是从小到大逐渐聚合成长壮大形成的，最终由于“大”，心部原子的电子层垮塌，质子，中子碰撞，点燃了心部核反应之火。

　（2）答：月亮个头远小于太阳，它离地球的距离也远小于太阳，对于人们的视角，太阳为0.5331度，月亮为0.5581度，二者仅差2.5%，看上去似乎“一样大”，只能说是巧合。

　（3）答：星体中的X星类似粒子中的西格斯子，出于理论的需要。作为太阳系的一颗行星，如果千真万确，还能不被天文望远镜观察到吗？

　（4）答：如果理解了空间乃是质量聚合的“作坊”，质子、中子、原子、分子在空间逐渐聚合、成长，近处的聚合物作为“陨物”被星体“吸”去，远处，有的便可能成为松散集群，以其惯性，巡游空间,这便是彗星。

　（5）答： 恒星在某一空域成为一个演变体系或单元，在大约100光年的空间，进行聚散演变循环，所发生的引力子以光速四散，有的飞出原来的“领空”，但同时也有引力子从“外面”飞来，保持密度相对稳定，因此，每个恒星就是一个“太阳系”，也不断进行聚散循环。

　（6）答：现在的太阳，不可避免的会继续增大，经过若干亿年，形成”超新星爆发”latter。之后，又会形成新的行星、大行星，其中的最大者转变为下一个恒星，如此循环不已。“没完没了的循环”是其“终结”。

2019.3.24 加注： 本文于2008/11/18登上本网站原先架构，2019.1月投入使用的现在的新架构未设计“加入时间、阅读次数”，故加注以保持原貌。

the yesterday、today and tomorrow of the sun system 

S. G. Chinese

Abstract this article is basic from the view point of basic theory of Chinese physics and to discuss the problem of how give birth how happen nuclear reaction and how is the develop trend for the sun

Key word solar system sun nuclear fusion star 

preface 

　　Today, the six problems of the sun is：

　（1) how form of the sun?

　（2）why that look like in the same size of the sun and the moon?

　（3）whether exist “X planet”

　（4）where come from the comet?

　（5）whether the solar system was unique?

　（6）what is the final end of the solar system?

1 Yesterday 

　　About “how form of the sun”, this belong to the problem of the topic of astronomic, this text be from the angle of physics to raise the discussing, prepared sun’s form and “development” treat as the general condition of matter evolution in the cosmos, thus guess its today、before and future, above six problems then near reply therein．

　　The realistic situation is, in the ten thousand million light year of observable space, the number of P（peta）stars are in progress of nuclear reaction and none exemption, why? 

　　The reply from Chinese physics is：the matter polymerize to the limit, Chinese idiom says ：“things will develop in the opposite direction when they reach the limit”, its mechanism is, the pressure in the center of star is so huge with the result that occur collapse of electron layer of atom , so proton and neutron occur “collision”(see also in 《L04 development of matter》)．today, tests have verify the nuclear reaction is the result of this collision, the LHC of to use this collision produce energy also has been activate．

The nuclear reaction of star was born of high pressure therefore in the center only．The nuclear reaction let the protons、neutrons got disintegration become basic particles with high speed——reach to1.414 times light speed——fly to space, hence form space electric field in the space, and constant suffer harass, form the “background radiation”；space has the gravitons of fly with high speed constantly, they gradually get polymerization, with the limited of “first class polymerization” of proton、neutron, the “group”(micro vortex galaxy)of basic particles of not yet reach to limit constant been found and denominate, up to now all the time in mistake for these “micro vortex galaxy” was “one particle”, therefore be distinguished they as “particle”, as every kind of mesons、quarks、neutrinos and many other particles of after atomic fission detected (see also in 《L01 modern opinion about particle》)． 

　　The space have a steady flow of “furnishing” of the basic particles, also have the mechanism of attracting force dominating, proton 、neutron be bound to keep on polymerize, form atom、isotope, and “more and more are gathering”, become cosmic dust, interstellar matter．Following the time lapse, they gradually “grow up”, until fixed scale, is equivalent to comet、small minor planet、planet．Of course, planet “inborn superiorly” still have a strip of “crash course” way：after “supernova explosion”, form from cohesion of high temperature air mass．The planet still extend attracting force-ling to external, act each other form universal gravitation, therefore, constantly draw down “fall matter”, certainly continue “grow up”．

　　If planet is solid state, “gravity” act on the solid surface, “every one” spread bear, not always can reach to the center．If it is liquid or its center is, the action of “gravity” reach to the center, certainly it is the center bear max. force, for the example of the earth, the surface only bear 1 atmospheric, but the center reach to million atmospherics, upon that, one day, when planet big as the sun is, the center pressure reach to “a hundred million” atmospherics, as stated above , in the center position, high pressure collapse atom’s outer sphere, would happen nuclear reaction, and then, from planet change to star． 

　　So that, where come from the sun? it was from small to large and magnify by gradually develop．Today, the earth every time constantly got “fall matter” from space, so infer：(1) it is in the constant growth；(2) the attracting force-line of the sun would greatly more than the earth, it obtained fall matter also greatly more than the earth．

　　The sun’s yesterday would smaller than today, only a planet of center have high temperature molten magma, but the high temperature of the center dose not the cause for nuclear reaction, the nuclear reaction was “come out from pressure” by very high stress of the center and crush atom, the mechanism already stated in 《L04 development of matter》．

　　Nuclear reaction make atom scatter, proton and neutron get disassembly become basic particles, form the reverse developing of “extreme polymerizing then scatter”, produce heat to make this planet more rise temperature gradually become bright star．The difference of “body” for star and planet does not un-relation, planet only growth near the sun scale can begin occur nuclear reaction in the center, therefore, star should large than planet． 

　　Cosmos constantly produce planets and stars, this the link of matter cycle developing, the yesterday of the sun to be a planet at first, once more increase mass from small to large and become a big planet, the center suffer “compression ignition ” so from big planet change to star．

2 today

　　After this, today, what reaction occurred of the sun? for answer this problem, need to use trends viewpoint treat the sun, the sun have its “incoming 、expending”, the result of its “incoming 、expending” decide it will change to more large or small “little by little” gradually．“incoming” is the “fall matter” of one after another crash into the sun under the reaction of attracting force, these interstellar matter, most of them was rather little, but also have compare big, rational reading nature phenomena can lead to such conclusion． 

　　Have the fall matter constantly fall in to the sun? since the earth having, the sun as well having, and more than earth’s．because of the fall matter come over was attracted by gravitation, the sun sent out attracting force-line is more than the earth, it form attracting force to space matter ought large than earth’s．

　　The small fall matter seem not cause concern, but, when occasionally have a large-scale fall matter fall into the sun? How’s it going? To this if reply：“produce macula ”, this answer probably make one surprised, if input leavening agent to steel melt of 2000 degree (c) when smelting then become conscious of the phenomenon similar with “sunspot”, the sun, serve as a ball of liquid, though its surface temperature lower than the center, but reach to 6000 degree (c)! the small matter serve as the fall matter of the sun, not yet to the surface of the sun at once boil-off, cannot become sunspot, after the big matter fall, should have a process of absorb heat、intense warming、vaporization, now relatively compare “black”, at the same time, happen radiation of a large number electrons, make space electric field temporary change, thus affect the “density of space electric field”, it is one of “three element of geomagnetism”(see also in text 《L15 The happen Mechanism of the geomagnetism and the aster magnetic》) this is the physical background of “sunspot lead to magnetic storm”! in light of earth “received” fall matter to be the fact, so the viewpoint of the sun have more fall matter is credible, this is the “receiving” of the sun, make it “Continue grow up”．

　　Here unconsciously replied a puzzle：“how occurred of the sunspot”?

　　The sun also have its “consumption”, center’s nuclear reaction make matter break up become basic particles scatter away, this “pay out” let it “reduce”．Balance of receive and pay, is it win or lose? From the sun already “kindled” multi-billion years to see, at least, it is have some surplus of balance of receive and pay, therefore, today’s sun, yet in slowly grow up．

　　One problem of seem unchallenged is, whether the nuclear reaction of the sun center to be the “thermonuclear fusion”? modern physics think of, nuclear reaction divide to two kinds of “fission” and “fusion”．The “fission” make heavy element change to light, send out energy；the “fusion” make light element change to heavy, also send out energy．This theory of avoid mechanism at the same time of explained some problems, also derived some problems, such as：

　（1）where come from the energy of nuclear reaction send out?

　（2）why the nuclear reaction would send out the energy?

　（3） what mechanism make the dispersed light element continuously into the center of star and proceed “fusion”? once the light element all become heavy element, what would happened? Can seek out any example proving this theory in the some trillion stars of space?

　　Cannot answer above problem according to the theory but may use “quality change to energy” for help, this way again derive new problems：

　（1）how can the quality change to energy?

　（2）to the end, whether the basic particle is variable? Being the change of volume、density or quantity?

　　Constantly derive new problem is the expression of theory fault, therefore, if want to clear nuclear reaction at all divided to how much kinds, inferior in first to clear the essence and mechanism of nuclear reaction． 

　　Proton to be the “micro vortex galaxy” which form by trillion basic particles——gravitons, the linear velocity of vortex reach to 1.4 times light velocity, if proton get disassembly, the energy ——kinetic energy——of basic particle radiation with 1,4 times light velocity is mc2（square）, that is to say, proton、neutron itself contains nuclear energy, whether disassemble of proton and neutron is the condition of whether its nuclear energy get freed, such a theory then compare clarity and harmonious, it may be unscrambled out from “energy equation” got proving, un-need depart from two basic law of “conservation of matter” and “conservation of energy”, now has been analyzed out those examples former ever make we in mistake for “quality variable” actually belong to misunderstand (see also in《L12 the law of conservation of the matter and of the energy》) , “polymerizing effect” set a limit to the scale of proton、neutron, to be the force balance make they size fit, so the quality of proton、neutron can give 4 to 5 effective numerical value．Due to “polymerizing effect”, if two proton get together, should the one disassemble at once——nuclear reaction——but only be left one proton at the same time issue the energy of mc2（square）, m is the quality of proton．

　　Proton been attract with proton, but humanistic “homophobia” let human being feel protons ought repulsing each other in the atom, need the gluon “stick up” to them, in accordance with the viewpoint of Chinese physics, proton send out attracting force-line external, between two protons produce attracting force and not repulsion force, with no need for gluon．Since they attracting each other, can they will meet in the atom thus happen nuclear reaction? the reply is：can’t, why? Because of proton does not static in the atom, proton、neutron serve as the unit, they are circle round in the atom, attracting force make them cannot leave, centrifugal force be make them can not “combine”．

　　But, the condition of star center make a difference, when the barrier——electronic shell——among atoms get collapse, the colliding of neutron、proton then difficult to avoid, colliding make neutron、proton disassemble and become basic particles leave with high speed——happen nuclear reaction, if star’s “income” make its “body” not decrease, hence the center pressure not decrease, the nuclear reaction would not cease．

　　Through analysis can see, the mechanism of star nuclear reaction and send out energy be similar with “fission”, just because of the action of disassemble of proton、neutron, but, if want to say “light element polymerize to heavy element” then not this reason, the space stars of count with ten thousand trillion，the “age” of which one all may count with hundred million years, if happened reaction of “fusion”, the heave element rise follow age, when about of “supernova explosion”, isn’t that whole become heave element? 

　　Therefore, today it is nuclear reaction happened in the sun’s center and does not “nuclear fusion”, the reaction make electrons fly off, protons、neutrons disassemble, form incessant basic particles radiation．Namely, though stars center reach to that high pressure and temperature, atom by no means get “together by press”, high atom can not form heavy atom there, the reason of issue nuclear energy lie in part neutrons、protons happen disassemble become basic particles, circular motion translate to linear motion, their kinetic energy from hidden state translate to display state nothing more． 

　　The sun’s some influence for the earth has been find out by people, such as the sun’s influence to the earth space electric field does not yet find out, the reason lie in now not yet the satisfactory explain for geomagnetic．According to the viewpoint of Chinese physics, there are three elements for form geomagnetic：the space electric field、the earth’s rotation、the center been conduction, this three conditions may be use to judge all stars whether exist of magnetic field．When the sunspot generate, fall matter suffer heating to 6000 degrees , high then the temperature of “electric welding”, generate the electron radial is understandable, this make earth’s space electric field happen density change, reflect to the change of geomagnetic, go by the name of “magnetic station”．

　　The two kinds of basic particles of the solar radiation, in this, the end result of repulton——mean electron——was space electric field, before their motion speed become zero, appear as the “electron rays” of X-ray、ultraviolet rays and so on；after graviton leave the sun, to join “polymerizing” process, among that, “algebra polymerization” form the particle of cosmic rays, up to now people to think “the particles of cosmic rays exceed 600 kinds”, in fact they but to be the “group” of one kind of particle, only “other of quantity” and not “other of category”, if think of “other of quantity” as “other of category ”, “600 kinds” may be expand to “trillion”, the velocity of cosmic-rays was very high, penetrating power was very strong．

　　To judge from cosmos constant happen “supernova”, the sun’s today is “break even have a few surplus”, namely its quality been in “slowly” grow, to use the time of 100 years impossible finding this “growing”． 

3 tomorrow 

　　The sun’s yester day would be alike with other stellar, depend on the balance of matter, “if” the pay large then income, the center nuclear reaction area certainly get smaller, at last stopped reaction, hereafter again “if” no more have fall matter falling, the temperature be able to gradually induce according to the logarithm rule, the brightness gradually reduce and no longer dazzling, this process go on some ten thousand years, “if” yet no more matter “income”, again through some ten thousand years, thorough cool off, become a planet． 

　　But these three “if” be hardly found, owing to the attracting force-line of the sun send out, the mechanism of from basic particle change polymerizing of space are all existing all the time, whenever, the sun be able to have “matter income”, even though “cannot make both ends meet”, the result nothing but to be the nuclear reaction on and off, can’t go so far as to long stop．

　　　　　　Have the reason for imagine the sun more a better-off life, its “income” of matter ought “after break even, has some surplus”, the reason is, the income and pay no way just balance, more can’t equal to zero, originally, the sun exactly constant “grow up”, this explain for a long time continuously have matter supply．In space the speed of from basic particle polymerizing to proton、neutron will not large change, once to have a planet bigger than other, it attract fall matter also more, this make it growing faster, forming the “virtuous circle”．Therefore, today in the solar system, the sun and its planets all have “matter income”, the matter of fall in to the sun was at most, but more and more, that is why the mass of the sun occupy more than 99% 0f the sum mass of the solar system, at the side of attracting matter, it not only continue keep on top, but also the superiority bigger and bigger． 

　　Upon that, its mass、volume bigger and bigger, the nuclear reaction area of the center also bigger and bigger, the temperature higher and higher, until one day, all matter boil-off and swell、the volume violent increase, become “super nova explosion”, thoroughly scatter to basic particle、atom、sub-atom、molecule and go off with high speed, leave behind the temporary vacuum at primary position． 

　　owing to space matters of unceasing come and go will soon pass into here, so it only be temporary vacuum．Can here become “black hole”? this depend on “gravitation” can or can’t pull return those leave with high speed matters and again collapsed become “overweight matter”．The principle is very clear, if gravity possess like that ability, before “explosion”, star long since been formed “black hole”, the “gravitation” even two close gas molecule also can’t make they “collapse” form liquid, if give it like that magical ability, the theory difficult to steady and sure．

　　Develop towards “supernova explosion” direction, this to be the tomorrow rough prospect of the sun, this also the only way of tomorrow of all stars, in the evolution circle of the matter, due to attracting force be in the ascendant, “polymerization” is main trend, when reach to scale of star, its center begin arise “scatter”, proton、neutron disassemble and become basic particles leave with high speed．Now “polymerization” still exceed “scatter”, the star continue magnifying．Later, follow the magnifying of nuclear reaction area of the center, the “scatter” gradually draw near and exceed “polymerization”, “explosion” then begin happen, when huge area of nuclear reaction has been finish action, “explosion” then been accomplished．It can be seen, though “supernova explosion” would very intensity than “explosion”, yet need go on with a length of process, isn’t accomplish in a flash．

　　Besides, from now up until the sun develop get to “supernova explosion” also does not the shout time, though above have some “more and more”, but the speed of matter polymerizing in space “roughly stabilize”．

because of, the supplying of basic particles was root of the nuclear reaction of some ten thousand trillion of stars, the quantity of star is so much, even if small number happen “explosion” also will not affect “roughly stabilize”．The speed of sun acquire matter from space to be suffer restricted of “roughly stabilize”．

　　Now the sun only to be a little brother in stars family, tomorrow—— after some hundred million years——be able to become a body compare large one, the day after tomorrow, when its body large to the outstanding one of stars, become “supernova explosion” then extremely urgent．After the sun fully “explosion”, does the earth “invariant in basic only temperature rise” or “evaporated part mass” or “fully evaporated” admix in a lump of air mass of high the temperature ?This is the problem of may roughly calculate, if at that time it still existing or partly existing, due to the sun already disappear, the earth can but do coasting flight, its external gravitation force-line should readjust effect object, form the new balance pattern, after very long time, it may be self “grow up” develop in to a star or finally near a star and again surround fly．

4 simple answer of the problems 

　　Thus, the simple answer of the beginning 6 problems is：

　（1）answer：the sun to be grow in strength from small to large and gradually polymerizing, in the end owing to “large”, the electronic shell of center atom get collapse, proton、neutron collide, light the fire of nuclear reaction of the center．

　（2）answer：the body of the moon is far little then the sun, to the human’s angle of view, the sun’s to be 0.5331degree, the moon’s to be 0.5581degree, both difference only 2.5%, look like “size in the same”, can but say it is coincidence．

　（3）answer：the X-star is similar with the Higgs in the particle, start from theory’s need．Serve as a planet of the solar system, if absolutely true, can it don’t become conscious by astronomical telescope? 

　（4）answer：if understand space to be the “workshop” of mass polymerizing, proton、neutron、atom、molecule gradually polymerized、grow up in space, the nearby polymerizing mass act as “fall matter” to “suck in” by aster, beyond, some then may be turn into loose colony, there with its inertia, cruise in space, this is the comet． 

　（5）answer：star in a certain space become an unite of evolution system, in the above 100 light year space, proceed the circulation of polymerizing-scatter, genesic gravitons scatter in all directions with light speed, some fly off from primary “airspace”, but at the same time also have gravitons fly in from “out side”, keep the density relative stability, so each star to be a “solar system”, also constantly go ahead the circulation of polymerizing-scatter．

　（6）answer： the present sun inevitable would continue enlargement, go by some hundred million years, form the “supernova explosion”．Later, again form the new planet、large planet, therein the largest translate to next stare, such circulate endlessly, “be endless circulation” is the end of it．