L17a 现代物理基础理论的系统性“问题”

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                           陈理士

 

 提     要 列出了基础理论的14个方面逐一加以分析，发现其中出现的不妥和问题 

 

关键词 物理基础理论　 物理　　物理学 

 

(text in English see rear)

　　　　　　　　　1 现代物理基础理论概廓

　　对于自然界物质、物质演变的认识主要来自现代物理学的基础理论，现有物理基础理论告诉我们：

（1）“我们的宇宙诞生于146亿年前的一次大爆炸”；

（2）“除了可见的宇宙，还有一个看不见的隐宇宙”；

（3）“我们的空间是多维：4维、5维、7维、11维、22维……”；

（4）“质量可变、可以转变为能量”，隐含了“能量可以转变为质量”；

（5）“基本粒子有12种：6种夸克、3种中微子、两种介子和电子”，存在“零质量粒子”；还有理论认为基本粒子有60种和>300种。

　已命名“粒子”超过千种，对它们，只能说“一知半解”。

（6）作为基本粒子的“6种夸克”在质子内存在“‘渐进自由’与‘渐进束缚’”机制；

（7）从基本粒子到宏观物体的行为描述由牛顿力学、量子电动力学、量子色动力学、量子味动力学四门分工合作

（8）“存在‘对称原理’，粒子有它们的‘镜像粒子’或‘反粒子’；物质存在‘反物质’”

（9）时间的起点是“宇宙大爆炸”，“时间可越、可变、可逆”，可以制造“时间机器”达到“时间转变”、“时间跨越”；

（10）“力分为万有引力、电磁力、弱作用力、强作用力四种”；

（11）电与磁均存在“两性”，并且“同性相斥”、“异性相吸”；

（12）光速是速度的极限，“真空中光速不变”；

（13）宇宙中“暗物质”占23%，“暗能量”占73%，宇宙中存在的大量“黑洞、中子星”…可见的星系物质只占4%；

（14）“二象性”不仅存在于光的“波、粒”中，而且具有普遍意义

2 “推敲”

　　以上作为 “基础认识”几乎概括了大自然基本面貌的主要方面，

对耶？错耶？一个简单的判断是：

　　如果以上认识属实，这些理论应当是完善的理论，不但它们自身和谐，而且相互印证，不存在龃龉；应当不会发现与其相悖的物理现象。

情况恰恰相反，以上诸项，有的部分有理，有的似是而非，没有一项不存在问题或“困难”。

　　如此概括并不离谱，这说明了认识过程的长期性、反复性和复杂性，通往正确认识大自然的途中，以往在取得伟大成就的同时，也作出过不正确判断，提出并“建立”了“不够正确”或不正确的一些理论，“而且”还曾经舍弃已经到手的正确理论，进入误域。这里，仅对“而且”加以举例：

　　物质不灭与能量不灭是经典物理学的重要遗产，是人类发现的自然规律，上世纪初，面对几则难题，将其搁置，转而相信“质量可变”并进一步有了“质量变能量”的“理论”，使物理基础理论的这一方面失之于误。当今，“五维空间中的隐宇宙同我们的宇宙相撞…”、“大爆炸之前，现在宇宙的全部物质都压缩在一个理论的点里…”之类“理论”人们看来并无异议，说明了“质量可变”已经“弄假成真”，受到信任而进入理论。对此的论证参见《L04 物质演变》。

　　如何分辨理论的正确与否？这里提出三条：

（1a）恒能经受实验检验与事实证明

（2a）据理

（3a）具圆满性、和谐性

　　 正确理论当然可以完全满足（1a）—（3a），在具体实例中往往一时难以具有从三方面加以衡量的可能。从另一角度看，凡是确实不符合以上三项中任何一项的理论可视为不正确理论。

3 辨理

下面根据以上三点对“1”中各项一一加以推敲：

（1b）现在的“宇宙大爆炸”理论有三项“根据”：

　　一、 远星光谱出现“红移”

　　二、 各向均匀的微波背景辐射

　　三、 “初始物质”存在

　显然，“三”难以作为证据，因为，如果“宇宙大爆炸”不能成立，“三”就不能说明什么问题。

　至于第一点“红移”，也不能证明发生过“大爆炸”，理由之一是：空间还有“蓝移”的远星，不能只解释“红移”而不解释“蓝移”。

　关于二，“宇宙大爆炸”应当使所有物质“高速辐射”，“电磁波”恒以光速传播，所有其它物质“一直”没有达到光速，所以，必定是“电磁波”遥遥领先，“其它”只能陈乎其后，且越来越“落后”。那么，是什么使“大爆炸产生的电磁波”又源源不断“反射”回来了呢？因此，“微波背景辐射”不能作为发生过“大爆炸”的证明。

此外，爆炸中心成为真空，银河系从何而来？

　宇宙间观察到的最大的“爆炸”是“超新星爆发”，此时聚集的质量大约是太阳的十倍，已经达到“超新星”规模的星体，无一不发生“爆炸”。从未发现过比这更大的爆炸，这说明不可能有更多的质量稳定地集合在一起来准备更大规模的“爆炸”。

可见，大爆炸理论很不牢靠，有没有发生过大成“问题”。至今没有一件事物可以扎实地证明曾经发生过“宇宙大爆炸”。

（2b）“隐宇宙”有质量吗？如果没有，它便同真空无异；如果有，不论能否看得到，它既然有质量、有体积，必定存在于三维空间之中，必定发出力线，因而是真实存在——只是看不到而已——可以通过“作用”和“作用力”发现，如同时下的“隐形飞机”，都是现实空间中的实体，因此，无所谓“隐宇宙”。

　　在此，基础性问题是对于质量的认识。质量是否客观存在？宏观物质毫无例外地由原子、分子组成、发出力线，这是可以使用“尺度、声、电、力、温度”等物理手段探测到的背景。 因此，即使空间存在许多看不见的“隐形物体”，它们只是难以用电波探测到而已，并不是存在一个“隐宇宙”，它们的质量、位置、速度都可以用物理方法探测到。 

　　至于微观质量，可以说充满了物质宇宙空间，它们的总体质量远远小于宏观质量，但数量远远多于宏观质量。可探测宇宙的恒星总数为“万亿亿”1020（10的20次方），但是，一颗恒星的质量约1033（10的33次方）克，约有1055（10的55次方）个原子！引力子、斥力子的质量又是质子的万亿分之一。

　　这些微观粒子的演变，参见上述《L04》文。这里要说的是，它们的尺度在10-8厘米级,大于10-4厘米才能“看得见”，“统统”是隐形的，探测它们确实困难，但它们存在于三维空间之中，是物质演变循环链条中的一个环节。它们有质量，有体积，发出力线，只是由于尺度太小，难以探测，我们将其归入“隐宇宙”呢还是作为现实研究课题呢？。

　　 那个由不能被发现、没有质量、不发出力线（不能形成力）、没有尺度、的“隐物质”组成的“隐宇宙”从理论上似乎不能存在。

　　“隐宇宙”存在的一个说法是：它存在与“多维空间”之中，不能用三维空间理论衡量。此说法虽然“气壮”而并不“理直”，因为，首先要证明三维以上空间能够现实存在。无此前提，不能使三维以上空间出现在物理文章里。所以，“隐宇宙”的存在成为“问题”。

（3b） 空间维数为3，这是经过严格物理、数学论证得到的结论，一向重视数学的物理界，当然要信守这一原则。物体在宇宙中的任何位置都可以由三坐标唯一地确定，那些超过了3的维度，对于物理学来说，都是“虚幻维度”。只要是“物质”，都只能存在于三维空间中。

　　当然，“数学空间”没有“3”的限制，那里有多少个自变量，“数学空间”就有多少维（元）。但是，这两个“空间”不能混淆，一旦混淆了，便是以虚为实、以抽象为真实。

现在有些文章对于“维”的上述分寸似乎很不在乎，轻而易举的增加维度。也许认为《相对论》中曾经出现了“四维空间”这一名词可以作为依据。细看之下，可以发现《相对论》指的是“数学空间”，因为相对论特别指出三维空间同“时间”相关，在正确物理理论中，空间维度=3，应当明确排斥 >3或<3的任何其它维度。没有任何理论能够证明空间维度可以不等于3。现在那些空间维度..>3 的文章显然混淆了物理空间和数学空间的界限，那些超过3维中的实体，也只能“存在于”三维空间之中，还有超过3 的“独立”维度吗？需要确信，当事情涉及到空间，其维度必定等于3，没有通融余地。在理论中如果出现空间大于3维的描述，只能是抽象空间、数学空间。

（4b）“质量不是不可变”是《相对论》提出来的观点。那时，物理上出现的难题似乎显示质量、能量“不守恒”，爱因斯坦提出了这一理论可算情非得已。当年，非但没有人据理提出质疑，而且此理论使大多数人感到钦佩，为物理界破解了难题。并且，100年来，也没有人提得出此理论的不妥。但是，事隔100年后，今天方才可以清晰的看到那些“难题”的真像，《L05 E=mc2方程的能量何来？》一文对以往作为“质量可变”证据的实例加以分析，发现其实不是质量可变而是认识有偏。当今，已经举不出一个真正能够说明“质量可变”的实例。质量不变乃是经典物理学的重要规律，“质量可变”不踏实，明智的判断应当是进行 “否定之否定”，回到质量不可变的规律上来，这对于物理基础理论，乃是头等大事。物质到底“能变”还是“不能变”？对此作出正确判断其实非常重要。

　　如果质量“可变”，“大爆炸之前，现在宇宙的全部物质都压缩在一个理论的点里…”之类“理论”就没有什么可质疑；反之，那就是神奇的“不经之论”。判断截然相反，能不慎乎？

　　经典物理学对于“质量不灭”曾经验证过许多年，没有发现相反情况；基本粒子是客观存在，不能被“毁灭”，是需要承认的自然现象，同“能量不灭”匹配，成为基础物理规律。

　　从另外一个角度看，“质量可变”理论除了需要提供哪怕是“一件”可靠的例证外，还要提出“质量可变”的机理，自然界的任何“变化”无一没有机理。某一“变化”如果一直提不出机理，相当于否定它存在的可能性。不难看出，一些耸人听闻的理论，大多依托于“质量可变”，它们的想象力令人羡慕，但却需要先从理论上证明“质量确实可变”。

（5b）夸克（quark）自提出之日起，一直含糊其辞，只是“肯定”夸克是基本粒子，论文虽然不少，但却不能回答有关夸克的实质性问题，如：“不同”的夸克除了电子伏不同外，还有什么不同？为什么夸克都带正电荷？为什么电荷与质量（电子伏）成反比？夸克的能量有多大？夸克的质量会“变能量”吗？如何变法？

　　判断基本粒子种类需要从力线和作用力的角度。力的“引、斥”乃是“性质之别”，由此，有两种基本粒子就可以形成现在已经观察到的“各种”作用力。从“聚合效应”可以相信，力的大小是一种“量别”。基本粒子只需要引力子、斥力子两种就“充分与必要”了（参见《L04 物质演变》），各种“夸克”乃是基本粒子——引力子——聚合形成的“微涡旋星系”，由于“聚合效应”质子是最大的“微涡旋星系”，引力使全部成员既高速回旋又不能离去。所以，“夸克”并非真正粒子，乃是基本粒子的“微涡旋星系”，是“复数”粒子，引力使这个“复数”难以成为“单身”。现有手段又不能分辨它们是“复数”而以“单身”视之，由此出来了形形色色的“粒子”。有一种电子伏便命名一种“粒子”，于是，“发现了”成千上万“不同粒子”，这些“粒子”为什么都“带正电荷”？

　　不能发现也没有省悟到“单身”与“复数”是粒子理论里出现名目繁多的“品种”的重要原因。

　　现在的12种“基本粒子”，除了电子是基本粒子（其真实质量只有10-36克）外，只有“电中微子”可能是引力子，其余“基本粒子”都是引力子的成员数量不同的“微涡旋星系”,是引力子的“复数”。

（6b）在“微涡旋星系”中，引力子是“自由”的还是“不自由”的？“夸克”在质子中存在“渐进自由”或“渐进束缚”机制吗？

　　如（5b）所述，各种“夸克”乃是引力子聚合形成的“微涡旋星系”，其“质量”的不同乃是“星系”成员数量的不同，它们并不是真正的“单身粒子”。引力使“微涡旋星系”的全部成员既高速回旋又不能离去。在此情况下，它们径向受引力“束缚”不能离去，切向并不受力，因此作惯性运动，勉强称为“自由”吧。 

　　 引力子从进入“涡旋”起，发生的改变是运动方式由直线运动改变为圆运动，作用力线的变化是其引力线原来大多伸向空间,现在绝大多数在“微涡旋星系”内相互作用，以至此引力大到 使它不能离去只能形成圆运动，将这一过程的“暂态”称为引力子（不是夸克）“渐进束缚”也许可以，但并不存在“渐进自由”的机制，在切向，它始终自由。质子的形成过程（参见《L04》）是引力子在引力作用下由少到多以“涡旋”方式聚合的过程，任何物体，它们向空间发出的力线总量并不改变，但是随着它周围物体因为运动发生的分布情况改变，力线的作用情况也随之改变，牛顿力学已经对两物体作出了引力的定量描述，进一步考虑“周遭全部运动物体”，引力在宏观物体间连续改变的机理便可以理解。

　从上述可见，首先，“六种夸克”的说法不能成立，六种“夸克”全都不是真正意义上的粒子，在质子中，只有引力子这一种粒子，在质子由两枚引力子聚合成为“微涡旋双星”开始，成员渐渐增加，最终达到“质子规模”，每一个引力子都处于“径向束缚”与“切向自由”状态。“束缚”是引力子距离靠近作用力线增加的结果，切向“自由”则“一贯如此”，因为引力子不能形成斥力，对它不存在“制动”。“渐进自由”与“渐进束缚”的描述从命题到机理均不贴切。

（7b）暗物质、暗能量、暗宇宙同“宇宙大爆炸”理论同源，都是起源对“红移”的解释，已经叙述过，这些理论无视“蓝移”，陷于片面，难以圆满正确。

　　此理论的立论含糊在于“暗”的定义不清，暗如果只是指“看不见”、“隐形”，空间尺度< 10-5（负5次方）厘米的物质都看不见，数量比看得见的物质多得多，但是，总质量却很少很少，同“暗物质理论”认为的比例大相径庭。

　　因此，暗物质理论的“暗物质”显然不仅仅“看不见”，还需提出性质。

　　现代物理学为了解释“红移”，提出了“远星高速——达光速的十分之——离去”，为了解释“星体越远红移越大”，提出了“宇宙加速膨胀”，于是将回答“宇宙为什么加速膨胀”的任务交给了“暗物质”，（1a）曾经叙述过，“宇宙大爆炸”理论站不住脚，因此，“暗物质”理论也难以牢靠。

　　光的波长理论上是守恒的，守恒的物理量还有许多，但是，现实中并没有任何守恒的物理量达到绝对守恒，因为产生这些物理量的环境不能绝对符合理论要求，通常，能够有四位不变的有效数值就认为是“守恒”了，如“弹性系数”、“波义尔常数”等等。远星的光波在到达地球以前，曾经在空间“行走”了若干亿年，亮度下降了0.99……超过十个九，在此情况下，波长发生10-1实际改变是完全可能的，这并不影响它理论上守恒，“星体越远红移越大”不是恰恰向人们显示“衰减性质”吗？

　　暗能量的提出更加离谱，理论上的问题在于将能量游离于质量之外，背离了能量与质量的不可分离性。质量用m 表示，速度用v表示，任何能量都可以归结为mv (v 表示能量量纲中与质量不同的部分)，暗能量理论需要哪怕举出一种可以离开mv的能量来，否则不能将它同物质并立，并且划分各占多少比例。

　　在“暗物质、暗能量”不能落实之前，“暗宇宙”、“隐宇宙”也是空的。

（8b）宇宙中和学术中确实存在“对称”，分为绝对对对称与相对对称。前者如：作用力等于反作用力、借等于贷…；后者如生物形体、雪花图案…。

　　绝对对称不仅理论上对称，而且实际上“严格”保持对称，“严格”到在任何“规模”下“量”的等同，不存在任何“误差”；相对对称也存在发生对称现象的机制，但不是严格的机理，必然存在一定误差，具有“看起来”对称仔细测量可发现并不严格对称的性质。

　　但是，宇宙中和学术中也同时存在不对称机制，如：时间进程、物质演变进程…。具体到某一事物是否对称决定于是否存在对称机制。并未发现基本粒子或其它“粒子”——事实上都是由引力子聚合而成的“微涡旋星系”——存在对称机制。现在看，由“对称原理”推定的那些“粒子”如“正电子”“反质子”等各种“镜像粒子”全都不能落到实处。因为不存在这方面的对称机制，倒是有不少误解。

　　如果将部分事物存在的对称的现象“开拓”为“对称原理”，又从“对称原理”得出“反粒子”“反物质”则显然是失误了。有文章对“反物质”感到兴趣，设想用这种物质制造的物体同地球存在斥力，可以不用能源就可离开地球，如果真的有这样的物质，它同哪一个星体都存在斥力，还能够不用能量在星体间交通吗？

　　如果认识到了基本粒子只有两种以及质子、中子的结构、原子的形成过程，自然会看清，那些形形色色的成百上千“种”“粒子”其实都不是真正的“一粒”，因此，它们才能“裂解”、“转变”，物质的这种“对称”并不存在。

（9b）时间至今依然比较难以理解，其实它的真正内容有“时间过程（包括时间间隔）和时间感觉”两方面，即客观、主观两方面，其中后者同人的主观意识相关，实质性的是它的客观部分，只能单向、均匀、不可止、不可逆地“流动”，因此，“时间机器”并不可行。

　　 时间可以离开物质而独立存在吗？《相对论》明确否定了这种可能性。但是，对于《相对论》“四维时空”、“四维空间”提法的误会，使人以为，真实空间似乎可以大于三维。

　　时间为什么不能离开物质而独立呢？归根到底，时间客观上乃是物体的运动过程，人类的“能力”使这种过程能够加以比较，人类可以找到一种稳定的运动过程作为“时间标准”用于比较，人类能够 “感觉”、记忆这些过程，加入了主观因素。

　　时间只能单向、均匀、不可止、不可逆地“流动”是由它的客观实质决定的。

（10b）核力、电磁力、工程力、天体力从性质上说，只有引力、斥力两种，已经可以说明，它们均出自引力子、斥力子这两种基本粒子发出的力线相互作用形成。力的大小，在于作用力线数量的多少，从性质上分类，力只有这两种。 

　　 现代物理学将力分为“四种”有不得已之处，因为，无法解释为什么微观粒子间的力比宏观物体间的力大得多？电磁力同普通力为什么似乎不同？为什么质子之间的力同质子内部的力也相差很大？划分为四种后，这些难题自然不存在了。

　　 但是，“大小”属于“量差”不能是划分“种类”的主要依据，此原则要不要遵守？在此原则指引下，《L18a 强作用力弱作用力电磁力万有引力的统一 》找到了“聚合效应”是使力在不同规模物质间出现“大小”区别的原因；分析力线相互作用形成力、不同聚合度之下力线分配的改变机理，于是确信，力只有引力、斥力两种，力的大小在于作用力线的多少，电磁状态下的力与普通力的不同是由于原子外层部分电子运动轨道“被有序”所致。

（11b）电与磁存在“两性”吗？回答此问题需要理解“静电”与“磁”的物理实质，产生“两性”的原因有二：一是电、磁力有吸与斥两种不同形式；二是它们“往往”合乎“同性相斥”“异性相吸”熟语。在不深追电、磁力物理实质的情况下，这种人性化的描述不但显得简明，而且被视为物理规律。

　　什么是“电”？在电磁学中，电子是电的源头，它被定义为“带负电”，两枚电子同样带负电荷，“同性相斥”，电子与电子之间产生斥力。上述理论解释电子行为没有问题，但是，如果进一步研究斥力起源，需要从力线开始，电子发出斥力线，斥力线与斥力线相互作用产生斥力是电子间相斥的原因，为了追寻物理实质，这里先搁置“性”的概念。

　　 什么是“带正电荷”？（6b）中曾经提到“微涡旋星系”，质子乃是引力子聚成的最大的“微涡旋星系”，它当然向外发出引力线，能够同别的“粒子”间形成引力；两个绝缘体相互摩擦，原子的外电子层相互驱赶，必然有双方电子层密度发生偏多或偏少的改变。偏多，便是“带负电”，发出斥力线；偏少，原子核内引力线必然部分外泄，这是我们定义“带正电”的物理实质。

　　因此，“带正电荷”的原子、质子、物体之间当然不能“同性相斥”，质子与质子在原子内部不但相吸，而且还吸得难以分离，通过核反应才能解体。

以上分析说明，将电与磁用“性别”区分时不能到此为止，更不能将人类的性别概念作为规律，需要进一步理解物理意义。

　　用“正电、负电”“南极、北极”描述电与磁并非不可，但是，它们的“相斥”或“相吸”应当从力线相互作用的角度分析。

（12b）对于光速，《相对论》有“原理”的提法。今天看，已认识到空间除了宏观物质外，还充满了尺度在10-8（负8次方）厘米上下的微观粒子与引力子的“微涡旋星系”，其中，电子之间的间隔约为10-5厘米，所以空间并不存在哪怕1 立方厘米那么大的真空。没有宏观真空，“真空中光速不变”这一命题还能够成立吗？

　　 现在，所面临的光速，毫无例外地都是“介质”中光波传播的速度，这里自然要问：此“介质”是什么？答：电子。

　　空间散布着电子矩阵——空间电场。它来源于恒星的核反应和“超新星爆发”，需要认识到，现在假设“氢原子外层有1枚电子”从而认定电子质量为10-28克有很大偏差，通过引力子、斥力子质量相近的思路得到的电子质量<10-36克，就是说，氢原子外层超过一万亿枚电子而不是一枚。

　　 空间电场中的电子由于斥力线作用，相互之间类似“小压缩弹簧”，这是光波与弹性震动都可以用二阶微分方程描述的原因。

　　但是，也可以看到，空间电场不能静止和不变，电子间的斥力也不可能绝对“线性”，空间光速可以“大体上不变”而不可能达到“理论上的绝对不变”。当人们将光速视为空间尺度的标杆时，需要看清，它不会像国际度量衡局那支恒温中的米尺那样“守恒”，只能相对地稳定而已。

　　光线经过恒星附近发生弯曲其实就是空间光速不能绝对守恒的实例，如果认为是“引力弯曲”，比万有引力大的多的电磁力能使光线弯曲吗？

　　所以，理论上，空间光速不能守恒；实际上，在远离恒星之处可以认为空间光速接近守恒；而“真空中光速守恒”的命题不能存在。 

（13b）宇宙中“暗物质”、“暗能量”占了绝大部分的理论是从“宇宙加速膨胀”延伸出来的，“宇宙加速膨胀”理论来自“星体越远红移越大”。

　　 在（1b）中已经论述过，将“红移”看做“远星高速离去”于理不圆，所以，最终得出“宇宙中暗物质、暗能量占了绝大部分”的理论链条很不牢靠。如果“红移”不能表示远星高速离去，还会有“宇宙大爆炸”、“宇宙加速膨胀”吗？

　　 “暗物质、暗能量”理论从基础理论角度看还存在定义不清和概念混淆两个问题。“暗物质”的“暗”指的是不能用光学方法观察到还是不能用所有方法探测到？如果是前者，尺度小于10-5厘米的物质也看不到，因为不能反射光波，不能反射光波的宏观隐形物质也在研究之中，没有必要在它们前面加一个“暗”的定语；如果是后者，就说明“它们”不能同任何物质发生作用，同真空无异。

　　 概念混淆在于将质量同能量并立，还分别计算百分比，两者的共同点是都存在质量m，不同在于能量既存在m, 又存在运动速度v, 即，一个可用m表示，另一个可用mv表示，它们的量纲不同，不能放在一起算百分比。

（14b）光的“二象性”理论似乎调和了“波、粒”理论长期分庭抗礼的局面。但是“波粒都是光的不同表现”的说法只能似乎有理。“都是光的不同表现”属于一种归纳，正确的归纳产生与事实罗列齐全、事理清晰之后。波、粒理论长期不能“统一”恰恰在于事实尚不清晰、不能发现统一的机理，在此情况下将“波、粒”按在同一个名词“光”之中只是人为的主观上的“统一”。

　　从超低频电波到三棱镜折射的紫外波，它们是电子的波动，电子乃是能量的介质，不会表现出粒子性质；对于紫外线、X射线只具有粒子射线性质，电子成为能量的载体，这是性质上的不同，不能说它们是“同一”事物，是“二象性”理论将两种不同事物按在同一个“光”里，因此，此理论的正确性受到质疑。如果两个事物尽管相似而性质不同，当然需要承认这一不同而不能勉强说它们相同，所以，正确处理“波、粒”理论的途径是，从物理实质上逐一理清“光”所包含的那些事物的真像，将“光”这一名词还归可见光，承认波、粒两个体系，用两种理论为这两个体系服务。

4 结论

　　以上是物理基础理论的主要方面，用数学语言说：“它们构成了”“物理空间”，

基础理论的毫厘之失可引起了千里之误，由以上辨理可以看出，今天，物理基础理论的“失”“误”已经积累得相当多，乃是“理”的缺失与理的谬误，而且是系统性失误，已经到了歪曲宇宙真实使人不能正确认识大自然的程度。试按照现在的理论来描述自然界的“由来”：“在五维空间中的暗宇宙同我们的宇宙相撞产生了现在的宇宙……”由不是客观存在的“五维”能够期望它“产生”一个真实宇宙来吗？

　　名目繁多的“粒子”已经使人“不胜其繁”，“新”的“粒子”还要不断出现，

“正负电子对撞”似乎已经成为常见术语，试问，“正电子”真的存在吗？“正电荷”中存在“正电子”吗？ “正电子同电子聚合转变成为一对没有质量的光子”吗？

质量能够“变”吗？如何变？

　　既然是系统性失误，就需要代之以正确的基础理论体系。

　　未来会出现的任何新的基础理论体系，需要经受系统性、圆满性、合理性的衡量。

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L17a Systematic “problem” of basic theories of modern physics

                                  S. G. Chinese

Abstract to list 14 side of physical basic theory and handle analysis one by one, to find not proper and problem in it 

Key words physical basic theory　　physics

1 outline of basic theory of modern physics

　　For the reason of matter and matter’s developing of nature mainly come from basic theory of physics, currently existing physical basic theory let we know：

(1) “our cosmos to born on once big bang before 146 hundred million years”；

(2)"besides the eye able cosmos, to have an unseen cosmos (cryptozoic) yet"；

(3) “our space is multi-dimensions：4dimensions、5 dimensions、7 dimensions、11 dimensions、22 dimensions ……”；

(4) “mass is variable、it may be change to energy”, and covers “energy may be change to mass”；

(5) “there are 12 kinds of basic particles：6kinds of quakes、3kinds of neutrinos、2kinds of mesons and electron”, to exist “zero-quality particles”；already named particles exceed 1000 kinds，for them, can but to say “have little knowledge and no comprehension”；

(6) “6 kinds of quakes” serve as basic particles, they exist the mechanism of “progress step by step to free“and “progress step by step to tie” in proton；

(7) The behavior description from basic particles to macro matters are specialization and cooperation by Newtonian mechanics、electrodynamics、QFD、QCD；

(8) “to exist the ‘symmetry principle’, particles to have their ‘mirror particle’ or ‘anti-particle’；mass exist ‘anti-mass’；

(9) the origin of time is the “big bang”, “time may be get over and variable、reversible”, may be make “time machine” to reach “time changing”、”time step over”；

(10) “force is divided to four kinds of gravitation、electromagnetic force、weak force and strong force”；

(11)electricity and magnetism are all exist “amphotericity” , and “homophobia”、“opposites attract”； 

(12) velocity of light is the limit of velocity, “light velocity was conservation in vacuum”；(2010.3.30)

(13) among cosmos, “dark matter” to divine 23%, “dark energy” to divine 73%, mass existed “black hole”、“neutron star” and visible galaxy matter to divine 4% only；

(14)“dual property” not only existing in the “wave、particle”, but also possess universal meaning

………

2 threshing

　　The above mentioned act as the “basic knowledge nearly epitomized main side of natural basic visage, is it right? Is it wrong? A simple judging is：

If above know is true, those theory ought the thorough theory, not only harmonious in one self, but also may mutual corroboration, absent discord；should not find opposite physical phenomenon from them.．

　　The condition just the reverse, above all item, some was partly reasonable, some was paradox , have not any item no “problem” or “difficulty”．

Such summarize does not overstep, it explained the secular、repeatability and complexity for process of cognition, through the way of right know nature, at the same time of get great achievement formerly, yet to do the un-true judgment, raised and “established” some theory of not enough true or no true, ＂moreover” yet ever give up the right theory of already in hands, thus into the wrong domain．

　　Here only illustrate for “moreover”：

Conservation of matter and conservation of energy are the important heritage of classical physics, are the natural rule of human finding, at beginning of last century, face some problem, lay up with them, turn to believe in “quality variable” and more have the theory of “quality change to energy”, let this side of physics get loss and into mistake．Nowadays, the theory” of “the cryptozoic of five-dimensions space collide with our cosmos．．．．”、“before big bang whole matter of present cosmos are all compressed in a theoretical point．．．．” etc seems unanimity for people, this explain “quality variable” already “what was made believe has become reality”, suffer trust and enter the theory．Proof to this see also in 《L04 Development of matter》．

How to make out right or un-right of theory? Here raise 3 items：

First：always can go through experimental tests and proof by facts

Second：according to reason

Third：possess stability and concordance 

　　The right theory of course may fully satisfied with (1a)——(3a), in specific examples often hard to have the possibility of measure from above three sides．To look from another angle, any theory of inconformity one of above three items may treat as un-right theory．

3 distinguish for reasons

According to above 3 items to hammer out one by one for every item of “1”：

(1b)current theory of big bang have 3 “foundation”： 

　 1、the light spectrum of remote star appears “red shift”

　 2、microwave background radiation of every direction

　 3、exist the “parent material”

　 Clearly, “3” is hardly put to the proof, because of if “big bang” unable to establish, “3” then cannot to explain any problem．

　　As to the “red shift” of “1”, also cannot prove “big bang” ever happened, one of the reason is, also have the “blue shift” in space, cannot only explain “red shift” and not explain “blue shift”．

about “2”, “big bang” ought make all material “radiation with high speed”, “electromagnetic wave” always spread with light velocity, all other materials would “all along” not reach to light velocity, there fore, might be “electromagnetic wave” have a long lead on, the “other” can but run after “electromagnetic wave”, more and more “fall behind”, then, what thing to make “the electromagnetic wave of big bang generated” endless “reflex” return? For this reason, “microwave background radiation” cannot serve as a proof for “big bang” ever happened．

　　In addition, explosion center already become vacuum, where come from milky way galaxy?

　　The biggest observed “explosion” in cosmos was “supernova explosion ”, now the collective mass about 10 times sun, if mass been large reach to “supernova” scale, no aster can un-explosion．and never find any explosion large than this, so there is impossible stably gather together further masses prepare for more large-scale “explosion”．

　　Visible, the theory of big bang is very rickety, if ever happened is a problem．Up to now no one thing can solidly prove cosmos ever happened “big bang”． 

(2b) have quality of “unseen cosmos”? if not, it does the same as vacuum；if have, no matter can or can’t seen, since it have quality and volume , it should be exist in 3-dimensions space, should be send out of force-line, so it is really exist——only invisible——may find through “act” and “acting force”, like nowadays “stealth aircraft”, are all entities in real space, therefore, not to matter for “unseen cosmos (cryptozoic)”．

Here the basic problem is the cognition for quality．Whether quality is objective existing? Macro mass are all make up by atom、molecular、and send out force-line without exception, this is the background of maybe spotting they with physical method of “scale、sound、electricity、force、temperature” etc. therefore, even if many unseen “cloak objects” been exist in space, they only hardly find by electric wave nothing more, and does not exist an “unseen cosmos”, their mass、position、velocity are all may be spotting with physical method．

　　As for micro mass, as it were be full of matter cosmic space, their overall quality is afar less than macro mass, but quantity is afar more than macro mass．The sum of explored quantity of stars of cosmos come to “hundred billion billions ” (10 to the power of 20), but, quality of a star about 10 to the power of 33 grams, about 10 to the power of 55 atoms! Quality of Graviton and repulton again the part per billion of proton． 

　　The developing of these particles, see also in 《L04 Development of matter》．Here want to say their scale at 10-8(10 to the power of minus 8) CM level, matter’s scale greater than 10-4CM can “visible” only, so they are all invisible, to search them really difficulty, but they exist in the space of 3 dimension, and is a link of circulating chain of matter development．They have mass, have volume and send out force-line, only due to the scale is too small so hard to search, do we put them include in “unseen cosmos” whether or serve as the real research topic? 

　　That “unseen cosmos” make up of “hidden matter” of can’t find、none mass、un-issue force-line （can’t form force）、none scale seem can’t exist in theory．

　　A statement of “unseen cosmos” existing is：it exist in the “ hyper space”, can’t be measured with the theory of 3 dimension．Though this statement was “strong in manner of speaking” but does not “straight in reason”, because of, first should to prove the space more than 3 dimension can really exist．

　　If not this premise, unable let more than 3 dimension space present in the physical text．Therefore, existing of “unseen cosmos” become “problem”． 

(3b) space dimension just 3 it is the conclusion of after through strict physical and mathematic demonstrating, physics field of all along attach importance to mathematics, certainly should stand by this principle．Any position of matter in the cosmos all can uniquely confirm from 3-dimensional, those dimensions of exceed 3 are all “unreal dimensions” for physics．So long as matter all should be exist in 3-dimension space．

　　Of cause, “mathematic space” to not be limit of 3, how many independent variable there as soon as how many dimension for “mathematics space”．But, this two “space” can’t to mix up, once happen mix up, is equivalent to “take empty as reality”, take abstract as true．

　　Now some article seems very disapprovingly for above proper limits of “dimension”, easy to do add dimension．May it be think the noun of “4-dimension” ever appear in《relativity》seem may be act as foundation．Under scrutiny, may be find 《relativity》refer to “mathematics space”, be cause of relativity special point out 3-dimension space relate with “time”, in the correct physical theory, space dimension equal to 3, ought clear and definite to repel any other dimension of >3or <3． 

　　There is not any theory can prove space dimension may unequal to 3．Today those essay of dimension >3 surely mixed up bounds of physical space and mathematic space, the substance of those in the exceed 3-dimension space, can but “existing” in the 3- dimension space yet, have the “independent” dimension of exceed 3 still? To need confident, when any matter refer to space, its dimension should be equal to 3, be without margin of tolerance．If appear description of dimension exceed 3, can not be any thing but abstract space、mathematic space

(4b)"quality does not invariable” is viewpoint of relativity raise, at that time, physics field appear problems, those seem show quality、energy un-conservation, Einstein raise this theory may consider the last resort．In those years, not only none dependent on reason raise doubt, but also this theory let most people feel admiring, break puzzle for physical field．More over, through 100 years, yet none raise any improper of this theory．But, after 100 years, today can clearly see the true image of those “problems” only, text 《Where come from energy of equation E=mc2?》To former serve as examples of “quality variable” do analysis, discover that is not quality variable but cognition have move to one side actually．Present, already cannot raise an example of can really explain “quality variable”．Quality invariable to be the important rule of classical physics, “quality variable” does not steadiness, the wise judge ought be take place the “negation of negation”, return to rule of quality immutable, this is a cardinal task of physical basic theory． 

　　Whether quality “variable” or “un-variable” at all? To this make a correct judging is very important．

　　If quality it “variable”, theory of “before big bang, whole mass of nowadays cosmos are all compress in a theoretic point” and so on “theory” that is have not problem；conversely, that is mystical “theory of anti-classics”．The judging is polarity, can don’t careful with it?

Classic physics ever prove many years for “mass conservation”, have not find opposite condition；basic particle was objectivity existing, can’t “get perish”, it is the natural phenomenon of need admit, matching with “energy conservation” become basic physical rule．

　　From other angle to see, “quality variable” theory apart from offer even “one” dependable case in point, still need to raise the mechanics of “quality variable”, no one “changing” of nature field does have not mechanism．If a certain “changing” all the time can not to raise mechanism, to be equivalent to negate the probability of it existing．As will be readily see, some lurid theory, mostly rely on “quality variable”, their ideality are admirable, but yet need first prove “quality true variable” in theory．

(5b) from the day of raise quark go on, all the time was equivocation, merely “sure” quark to be basic (elementary) particle, although thesis not a few, but can not reply problem of quark’s materiality, as： “different quark” except different in electron volt, what else in different? Why whole quarks all bring positive charge? Why their charge is in inverse proportion to quality (electron volt)? How much energy of quark? Can quark’s quality change to energy? How to change?

　　 To judge kind of basic particle need from angle of force-line and acting force, “attracting、repulsion” of force to be “different of property”, there out, have two kind of basic particle as soon as can form “every kind of force” of now has been observed acting force． 

　　From “polymerization effect” can rest assured that big or small of force is “difference of quantity”．Only need two kind of basic particle that is “full and necessity” (see also in 《L04Development of matter》) ，every kind of quarks to be “micro vortex galaxy” of basic particle——graviton, due to “polymerization effect”, proton to be the biggest “micro vortex galaxy”, attracting force make whole member since circle round in high speed and can leave．

　　 There fore, “quark” does not real particle, but which is “micro vortex galaxy” of basic particle, and is “plural” particle, attracting force make this “plural” hardly become “bachelordom”, existing method cannot make out they are “plural” and look they as “bachelordom”, so come out all types of “particles”．There is a kind of electron volt then mane a kind of “particle”, upon that, “find” thousands upon thousands “different kind of particles”, why these “particles” all carry positive charge?

Can not find and have not awake “bachelordom” and “plural” is important reason of raise numerous “kind” in particle theory．

　　 Nowadays 12 kind of “basic particle”, but electron is basic particle (its quality only 10-36gram), only “electron neutrino” may be graviton, rest “basic particle” are all “micro vortex galaxy” of different member of gravitons, is the “plural” of graviton．

(6b) in “micro vortex galaxy”, is graviton in “freedom” or “un-freedom”? in proton, is “quark” exist “progress step by step to free” and “progress step by step to bind”?

　　 As state in (5b), every kind of quark to be “micro vortex galaxy” form by graviton gat together, the different of quality to be the different of member’s quantity of “galaxy”, they do not true “bachelordom particle”．Attracting force makes all member of “micro vortex galaxy” since circle round in high speed and can not leave． 

　　 Under this condition, their radial suffer force and ”tie up” cannot leave, tangential not suffer force at all, so with inertial motion, named “free” with difficulty．Graviton occurred changing is motion mode from liner motion turn to circular motion begin from into “vortex”, changing of acting force-line is originally its attracting force-line all send out to space, now most of them was act each other in “micro vortex galaxy”, so large the attracting force up to it cannot leave and can form circular motion only, perhaps may be call this process of “transient state for “progress step by step to bind” of graviton (does not of quark), but do not exist the mechanism of “progress step by step to free”, at tangential, it is free all along．　　　　　Process of proton forming (see also in 《L04》) is the polymeric process of graviton under acting of attracting force and from few to many with the mode of “vortex”, any matter, the sum of force-line of they sand out does not change, but follow surrounding matter’s disposition changing cause from motion, acting condition of force-line also changing with it, Newtonian mechanics already make out gravitational quantify describing between tow matters, more to take “all around matters” into account, the reason of attracting force continuous changing between macro object may understand．

　　 It is visible from above stating, the first, statement of “6 kind of quark” can’t set up, they are all not true particle, in proton, only one kind of particle which is graviton, when proton begin from two graviton get together and become “micro vortex double star”, the members gradually added, final reach to “proton scale”, every graviton is on the state of “binding in radial” and “freedom in circumferential”． 

　　“Binding” is the result of the distance get near of gravitons and acting force-line get adding, the “freedom” of tangential direction then “such all along”, because of graviton can’t form repulsion force, to it be not exist “brake”．The description of “progress step by step to free” and “progress step by step to bind” from proposition to mechanism are all no proper．

(7b) dark matter、dark energy、dark cosmos are all consanguinity with the theory of “big bang”, they are all stem from the explaining of “red shift”, yet related, these theory ignore with “blue shift”, sink into one-side, difficult to satisfactory and correct．

　　Make point does ambiguous of this theory lie in definition is unclear of “dark”, if dark only indicate “invisible”、“invisibility”, space matter of scale less than 10-5 cm are all invisible, the quantity was much more than visible matter, but, the sum of quality yet very seldom, to stand in contrast to the ratio of “dark matter theory” consider．

　　 Therefore, “dark matter” of “theory of dark matter” obviously not only “invisible”, still need to raise property of dark matter．

　　 Modern physics in order to explain “red shift”, crossover “remote star away with high speed——reach to 1/10 of light velocity”, in order to explain “more far of star, more large of red shift”, raise “cosmos speed up expansion”, hence, let the task of to reply “why cosmos speed up expansion?” leave to “dark matter”, (1b) ever related, the theory of “big bang” is indefensible, therefore, the theory of “dark matter” also difficult to sturdy．

Light wavelength is conservation in theory, yet much physical quantity was conservative, but not any conservative physical quantity may be absolute conservation in reality, because of , the environment of generate these physical quantity can’t absolute accord with theory require, generally, can possess 4 effective numerical that’s think for “conservation”, such as “coefficient of elasticity”、“Boyle constant” etc．before reach to earth, the remote’s light-wave ever “walked” some hundred million years in the space, it’s luminance has been dropped by 0.999…… exceed nineteen 9, under this condition, the wavelength happen reality changing of 10-1 is very much so, it not affect conservation in theory, “more far star more large red shift” isn’t not just show the “attenuation property ” towards we? 

　　 Raise of dark energy even more overstep, the problem in theory lie in be going to energy free with quality, fall away inseparability of energy and quality．Show quality with m, show energy with mv（v show the different with quality part of energy dimension）, the dark theory need hold up even one kind of energy can leave mv , otherwise cannot carry energy collateral with quality, and divide scale for every one．

　　 Before “dark matter、dark energy” practicable, “dark cosmos”、“hidden cosmos” also empty．

(8b) it really exist symmetry“” in the cosmos and academic, be split into absolute symmetry and opposite symmetry．The former as：acting force is equal to reacting force、borrow is equal to loan etc．Ｔhe latter as：the shape of living beings、the pattern of snowflake etc． 

　　 Absolute symmetry not only symmetry in theory, but also “strict” keep symmetry in fact, “strict” until the “quantity” equal under any scale, any error is nonentity；opposite symmetry also exist the mechanism of happen symmetry phenomenon, but does not strict mechanism, necessary being exist fixed error, possess the properties of “look as if” symmetry but may find don’t strict symmetry after careful measure．

　　But, in the cosmos and science in the same time also exist asymmetric mechanism, such as：time course、matter develop course ．specific to some one matter, whether symmetry or not is depend on if exists symmetry mechanism．

Does not find basic particle or other “particle”——in fact they are all “micro vortex galaxy ” of gravitons by polymerization ——exist symmetry mechanism．Now to see, those “particles” understand by “symmetry principle” such as “positron”、“antiproton” and so on “mirror-image particles” are can’t truly put all in to effect．Be cause of absent the mechanism of this way, actually to have not a few misunderstand．

　　 If put the symmetry phenomenon which existing in part thing “open up” to “symmetry principle”, and from “symmetry principle” obtain “antiparticle”、“antimatter”, it is clearly fault．Have article feel interest for “antimatter”, imagine make object with “antimatter” may be exist repulsion force with the earth, may be leave earth without energy , if really have such matter, it should exist repulsion force with all aster, can it still traffic between asters? 

　　 If be convinced of only two kind of basic particle and structure of proton、form process of atom, of course would see clearly, those mixed hundreds of “particles” actually are all true “a grain of”, therefore, they ability “cleavage”、“transform”, it is not exist this symmetry of matter’s．

(9b) the time beyond understanding now as before, actually its real content have two sides of “time course”(include time lag) and “time feelings”, mean twp sides of objectivity and subjectivity, the latter is relate with people’s subjective consciousness, the material is its objective part, only can “flow” with single-track、even、cannot stop、irreversible, that is why “the time machine” not feasible．

　　 Can the time leave matter and independently existing? 《relativity》clear deny this probability, but, misunderstanding of wording of “four-dimensional space-time ”、“ four-dimensional space” for《relativity》, make people think, true space seem can greater than three-dimension．

　　 Why time can’t be leave matter and independent? After all, time to be matter’s motor process objectively, human’s “ability” make this process can be compare, human can be find a steady motor process serve as “time standard” for comparing and can feeling、memory these processes, put in the subjective factor．

　　 Settled form objective substance time can but “flow” with single-track、even、cannot stop、irreversible． 

(10b) from nature to say ,nuclear force、electromagnetic force、engineering force、celestial body force only two kind of attracting force and repulsion force, already can explain, they are all come out from act each other of two kind of force-line which send out from basic particle ：graviton and repulton．Magnitude of fore is due to the quantity of acting force-line, from nature to classify, only two kind of force．

　　 Modern physics put force into four kinds have the part of act against one’s will, because of, unaccountability why the force between microscopic particle was much bigger than macro matter? Why electromagnetic force seem note alike with common force? Why the force between protons was different greatly than the inner of proton? Divide into four, these problems no longer exist naturally．

　　 But, “magnitude” belong to “variance in quantity” can not serve as primary foundation, whether or not observe this principle? Guiding under this principle, 《L18a 》has find “polymerization effect” , this is the reason of the force appear difference of “magnitude” among matter of different scale；analysis force-line act each other to form force、the changing mechanism of force line distributive of different degree of polymerization, as a result be sure of force only have two kind of attracting force and repulsion force, the magnitude of force lie in number of acting force-line, the different of common force and force under electromagnetic status be caused by the part electron orbit of atom outer sphere “suffer order”． 

(11b)if exist two kind of “amphoterism” of electricity and magnetism? Answer this problem need to understand physical substance of electricity and magnetism, there are two reason of cause “amphoterism”：the first is the force of electricity and magnetism possess different way of attracting and repulsion；the second is they “often” abide idiom of “homophobia” and “opposites attract”．Under the condition of deeply find mechanism of physical substance of electricity and magnetism, this humanity description not only appears conciseness, but also be deemed as physical rule．

　　 What is “electricity”? in electromagnetics, electron is the headstream of electricity, it be defined as “carry negative electricity”, two electrons are all carry negative electricity similarly, it seems may be use “homophobia” to explain why happen repulsion force among two electrons．Use above theory to explain electron ‘s behavior does not problem, but, if further study origin of repulsion force, need begin from force-line, electron sand out repulsion force-line, repulsion force-line act with repulsion force-line generate repulsion force, this is the reason of repulsion among electrons, for search physical substance, first here lay up the concept of “sex”．

　　What is “carry positive charge ”？（6a）ever refer to “micro vortex galaxy”, proton to be the biggest “micro vortex galaxy” of polymerization forming of gravitons, it surely sand out attracting force-line outward, be able to form attracting force with other “particle”；two insulator rub each other, outer shell of atom drive each other, should be have the changing of the density leaning much or few of both outer shell．Leaning much to be “carry negative electricity”, sand out repulsion force-line；leaning few, inner attracting force-line of nucleus should partly escape, this is the physical substance of we define “carry positive charge”． 

　　 Therefore, between atom、proton、matter of “carry positive charge” certainly cannot “homophobia”, the inner of atom, not only proton attract each other, but also attract in hardly leaved, can disassembly but through nuclear reaction．

　　Above analysis shows, when make a distinction between electricity and magnetism with “distinguishing between the sexes” cannot stop here, more cannot put human sex concept serve as law, need to further understand physical significance．

　　It is not should not describe electricity and magnetism with “positive electricity、negative electricity” “south pole、north pole”, but, their “repulsion” or “mutually” ought to analyze from angle of force-line act each other．

(12b) towards light velocity, 《relativity》have formulation of “principle”．But now is realized, space except macro matter yet be full of micro particles and “micro vortex galaxy” of gravitons of scale in 10-8CM, among these, interval of electrons about 10-5CM, so space did not exist vacuum of scale even in 1 cubic CM．not have macro vacuum, can yet establish the proposition of “the speed of light in a vacuum is a constant”?

Now faced light speed, are all the spread speed of light wave in the “medium”, here of course ask for：what is this medium? The answer：electrons． 

　　 Space disseminated electrons matrix——space electric field．It root in star’s nuclear reaction and “supernova explosion”, need be convinced of now suppose “there is one electron lie on the outer of hydrogen atom” and thereby affirm the quality of hydrogen is 10-28 gram possess very large deviation, through the thinking of repulton’s quality does similar with graviton what we get electron’s quality about 10-36gram, namely, it about a trillion electrons lie on the outer sphere and does not one．

　　 Due to repulsion force-line act each other, between electrons is similar the “micro compress spring”, this is reason for light wave and elasticity shock all may be described with second order differential equation．

But, might as well see, space electric field cannot static and invariable, repulsion between electrons yet can’t absolute “linearity”, light speed may be “invariable in general” and can not reach to “absolute invariable in theory”．When people see light speed as the marker post of space scale, need see clearly, it will not “conservation” like those meter in constant temperature of IBWM, can but relatively stable nothing more．

　　 Ray of light go by star nearby happen bend in truth just the example of light speed can’t be absolute conservation, if think it is “bend of gravitation”, can the electromagnetic force (was more large than gravitation) were make light happen bend ?

　　There fore, in theory, space light speed cannot be conservation；but in reality, at the part of far away with star, may think space light speed near conservation；and proposition of “light speed is conservation in vacuum” can’t be exist．

(13b) theory of “dark matter”、“dark energy” account for the vast majority of cosmos was extend from “cosmos accelerate expansion ”, theory of “cosmos accelerate expansion ” come from “more far star more large red shift ”

　　 It has discussed in (1a), treat “red shift” to be “remote star leave with high speed” was out of round in theory, so final got the chain of theory is very ricketiness．If red shift cannot express remote star leave with high speed, if “red shift” can not express remote stars are leaving in high speed, have “big bang”、“cosmos accelerate expansion ”still? 

　　“dark matter”、“dark energy” theory from basic theory angle to see still exist two problems of definition not clear and concept mix up．Whether the “dark” of “dark matter” refer to cannot observed with optical method or cannot explored with all method? If it is the former, matter’s scale small than 10-5 CM also invisible, because of can’t reflex light wave, the macro invisibility matter in research yet, have no occasion of add a attribute “dark” before they；if it is the latter, that is explain “they” cannot happen effect with any matter, not different with vacuum．

　　Concept mixed up at let quality exist side by side with energy, still separate calculate percent, both common point are exist quality m, different at energy existing quality m, also existing speed v, namely, the one can express with m, the other one can express with m. v, their dimension is diversity, cannot together and to calculating percent．

(14a) “duality” theory of light seem reconciled the aspect of stand up each other for long time．But, the version of “wave、particle are all the different expression of light” can but with a show of reason．“are all the different expression of light” belong to induce, correct inducing was make up after fact are all set out and reason clear．Theory of wave、particle cannot “to unify” just lie in fact unclear、cannot find mechanism of unify, under this condition, press “wave、particle” in one and the same noun “light” only factitious subjective “unity”．

　　 From ULF electric wave to ultraviolet wave refract from triple prism, they are all electron’s wave, electron is medium of energy, will not express particle property；ultraviolet ray、X-ray only possess particle property, electrons become carrier, this the different of property, can’t say they are “the same” thing, to be the theory of “dual property” take two kind of thing press in the same——light, therefore the correctness of this theory come under question．If two things even resemble but is different in property, certainly need to admit this different and should not difficultly say they are the same thing, so the correct way of threat the theory of “wave、particle” is, clear the true of those thing which “light” contained one by one, take the none of “light” return to visible light, admit wave and particle are two systems, to use two kind of theory serves to this two systems．

4 conclusion

　　above is the major side of physical basic theory, to use mathematical language ： “they made up” “physical space”．

The least bit error of basic theory may lead to huge mistake, it can see from above “deletion” and “mistake” of physical basic theory already buildup not a little, it to be the mistake and the deletion of “reason”, and is the systematic mistake, has been reach to the level of distort cosmic true and make some one cannot correctly to know nature．Try to describe “origin” of nature according to nowadays theory：“the dark cosmos of 5 dimension collide with our cosmos produced current cosmos A ” can “produce” a true cosmos from “5 dimension” of not objective existing? 

　　Particles of a multitude of names already make people “can’t bear the numerous”, “new particle” yet uninterrupted appear．“electron-positron collider ”seems already become common term, may I ask, if “positron” really existing? Exist “positron” in “positive charge”? If “positron” and electron get together would change to a pair of photons of none quality? 

Can quality get “to change”? How to change? 

　　Since it is the systematic mistake, in this way need instead with correct theory system．Any new basic theory system of come, need suffer the measurement of systematic-ness、satisfactory-ness、rationality．